CV Packet 1 Questions

Question 1

List 2 distinctions between the systemic and pulmonary circulations.

Question 2

On the Wigger’s diagram, can you identify:
Each of the 5 phases by name?

Question 3

On the Wigger’s diagram, can you identify:
When each valve opens and closes?

Question 4

On the Wigger’s diagram, can you identify:
Where each heart sound (S1-S4) occurs?

Question 5

On the Wigger’s diagram, can you identify:
Where each key section of the ECG occurs?

Question 6

What is the longest phase during the cardiac cycle?

Question 7

On the Wigger’s diagram, can you identify:
Where/what is diastasis?

Question 8

Define the following key CV terms:
Preload
Ejection fraction (EF); what is a normal EF?
Afterload
Total peripheral resistance (TPR)
Contractility

Question 9

In general, why can we hear heart sounds and heart murmurs?

Question 10

What causes S4? Is this a normal or abnormal finding?

Question 11

What causes S3? Is this a normal or abnormal finding?

Question 12

Where are the auscultatory sites for S1 and S2?

Question 13

What causes S1? S2?

Question 14

List 3 causes of heart murmurs.

Question 15

What are the 2 pathologies that heart valves can have?

Question 16

Is cardiac muscle striated?

Question 17

Which (of the 3) muscle cell types contain gap junctions? What is the physiologic importance of gap junctions?

Question 18

How can the heart increase its contractility? (Hint: recall the drawings on the board that
contrasted the development of force in skeletal versus cardiac muscle.)

Question 19

Draw the autonomic nervous system innervation of the heart and blood vessels

Question 20

What are adrenergic receptors? Where are the different subtypes primarily located?

Question 21

What are the 2 types of excitable cells in the heart?

Question 22

What does the property of automaticity mean, with respect to the heart?

Question 23

Can you recognize the difference between an action potential in a conducting cells versus an action potential in a contractile cell?

Question 24

For the cardiac muscle contractile cell, what accounts for the plateau portion of the action potential?

Question 25

List the normal sequence of conduction in the heart.

Question 26

Where is longest delay in conduction through the heart? What part of the ECG can we measure to determine this delay?

Question 27

Describe excitation-contraction coupling within a cardiac contractile cell to your friend.

Question 28

What causes: the P wave? QRS complex? T wave?

Question 29

Where is atrial repolarization visualized on the ECG trace?

Question 30

On an ECG, What is the time duration of each large square? Each small square?

Question 31

What is the importance of the PR-interval? What is the maximal normal length of the PR interval? Know precisely where to measure the PR interval.

Question 32

On a 12-lead ECG,
How many electrodes are there? Where are they located?
What is a “lead”?
Write out how to perform a stepwise evaluation of an ECG strip.

Question 33

state what ST segment elevation or depression indicates

Question 34

identify whether a presented rhythm is normal or abnormal, given the patient context; and, whether the rhythm is survivable (i.e., beyond a few minutes)

Question 35

On a 12-lead ECG, be able to:
calculate the heart rate
determine the rhythm
identify all the normal and abnormal rhythms we reviewed in class and in Ch 12 of the textbook

Question 36

When is a cardiac pacemaker indicated?

Question 37

What is the distinction between a cardiac pacemaker and an implantable cardioverter-
defibrillator (ICD)?

Question 38

What key characteristics do veins and arteries have in common?

Question 39

List 2 characteristics that distinguish arteries and veins.

Question 40

Where (which vessel type) is TPR primarily determined? How is this resistance regulated?

Question 41

List 3 functions of the lymphatic system.

Question 42

Where does lymph from the right side of the face and thorax and the right UE drain into? Where does this lymph drainage return to the venous system?