CV Packet 1 Questions Flashcards
List 2 distinctions between the systemic and pulmonary circulations.
On the Wigger’s diagram, can you identify:
Each of the 5 phases by name?
On the Wigger’s diagram, can you identify:
When each valve opens and closes?
On the Wigger’s diagram, can you identify:
Where each heart sound (S1-S4) occurs?
On the Wigger’s diagram, can you identify:
Where each key section of the ECG occurs?
What is the longest phase during the cardiac cycle?
On the Wigger’s diagram, can you identify:
Where/what is diastasis?
Define the following key CV terms:
Preload
Ejection fraction (EF); what is a normal EF?
Afterload
Total peripheral resistance (TPR)
Contractility
In general, why can we hear heart sounds and heart murmurs?
What causes S4? Is this a normal or abnormal finding?
What causes S3? Is this a normal or abnormal finding?
Where are the auscultatory sites for S1 and S2?
What causes S1? S2?
List 3 causes of heart murmurs.
What are the 2 pathologies that heart valves can have?
Is cardiac muscle striated?
Which (of the 3) muscle cell types contain gap junctions? What is the physiologic importance of gap junctions?
How can the heart increase its contractility? (Hint: recall the drawings on the board that
contrasted the development of force in skeletal versus cardiac muscle.)
Draw the autonomic nervous system innervation of the heart and blood vessels
What are adrenergic receptors? Where are the different subtypes primarily located?
What are the 2 types of excitable cells in the heart?
What does the property of automaticity mean, with respect to the heart?
Can you recognize the difference between an action potential in a conducting cells versus an action potential in a contractile cell?
For the cardiac muscle contractile cell, what accounts for the plateau portion of the action potential?
List the normal sequence of conduction in the heart.
Where is longest delay in conduction through the heart? What part of the ECG can we measure to determine this delay?
Describe excitation-contraction coupling within a cardiac contractile cell to your friend.
What causes: the P wave? QRS complex? T wave?
Where is atrial repolarization visualized on the ECG trace?
On an ECG, What is the time duration of each large square? Each small square?
What is the importance of the PR-interval? What is the maximal normal length of the PR interval? Know precisely where to measure the PR interval.
On a 12-lead ECG,
How many electrodes are there? Where are they located?
What is a “lead”?
Write out how to perform a stepwise evaluation of an ECG strip.
state what ST segment elevation or depression indicates
identify whether a presented rhythm is normal or abnormal, given the patient context; and, whether the rhythm is survivable (i.e., beyond a few minutes)
On a 12-lead ECG, be able to:
calculate the heart rate
determine the rhythm
identify all the normal and abnormal rhythms we reviewed in class and in Ch 12 of the textbook
When is a cardiac pacemaker indicated?
What is the distinction between a cardiac pacemaker and an implantable cardioverter-
defibrillator (ICD)?
What key characteristics do veins and arteries have in common?
List 2 characteristics that distinguish arteries and veins.
Where (which vessel type) is TPR primarily determined? How is this resistance regulated?
List 3 functions of the lymphatic system.
Where does lymph from the right side of the face and thorax and the right UE drain into? Where does this lymph drainage return to the venous system?
