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Pharm > Respiratory Meds > Flashcards

Respiratory Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Anti inflammatory agents are what?

A

Glucocorticoids

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2
Q

Bronchodilators do what?

A

Open the airway by being beta-2 agonists

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3
Q

how long should you wait in between MDI doses?

A

1 minute

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4
Q

Should you inhale and then activate when not using a spacer for inhaler

A

Yes

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5
Q

Do Respimates use propellant

A

No

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6
Q

what is an advantage of a respimate?

A

decreased drug absorption in mouth

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7
Q

do dry powder inhaler’s require hand breath coordination?

A

No

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8
Q

what is a benefit of a nebulizer

A

Can administer oxygen and nebulizer medication

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9
Q

what is a disadvantage of using a nebulizer

A

Increased risk of aerosolization of pathogens

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10
Q

Beclomethasone is a what?

A

Glucocorticoid QVAR

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11
Q

what is the MOA of beclomethasone?

A

Inhibits inflammatory cells in the released of leukotrienes histamine and prostaglandins

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12
Q

serious side effect of beclomethasone

A

Adrenal suppression cataracts and glaucoma

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13
Q

does beclomethasone cause shrinking of height in adults

A

No

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14
Q

Do not use beclomethasone if you have what?

A

Bone mineral density issues, ocular issues, immunosuppression

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15
Q

how long in between bronchodilators and corticosteroids?

A

5 min

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16
Q

you should rinse your mouth after used of beclomethasone for what reason?

A

Reduce the risk of oral canadisis

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17
Q

what respiratory issues is prednisone used for

A

Asthma, COPD exacerbation

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18
Q

severe side effects of oral prednisone

A

Adrenal suppression, hyperglycemia peptic ulcer disease and growth suppression in children

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19
Q

when should you use oral prednisone

A

Only when you cannot control asthma with other means

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20
Q

Do not use oral prednisone if patient is taking what?

A

Desmopressin

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21
Q

Do not use oral prednisone if patient has history of what?

A

G.I. disease, ocular disease, renal impairment, hepatic disease

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22
Q

how is oral prednisone given?

A

“In bursts” 40 to 60 mg per day for 3 to 10 days

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23
Q

What should you take with oral prednisone

A

Food or milk

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24
Q

When taking oral prednisone what should you do to minimize possible bone loss?

A

Taken adequate calcium and vitamin D and do weight-bearing exercises

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25
Q

what drug is a leukotriene modifier

A

Zafirlukast

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26
Q

Zafirlukast is also called what

A

Accolate

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27
Q

MOA of Accolate?

A

Antagonizes the effects of leukotriene mediates airway edema smooth muscle constriction and altered cellular activity

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28
Q

common side effects of ACCOLATE?

A

Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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29
Q

Black box warning of Accolate (Zafirlukast)

A

Nuro psychotic events SI, mental illness, depression

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30
Q

what does Accolate interact with?

A

CYP450 in liver effects warfin

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31
Q

what drug is a mast cell stabilizer?

A

Cromolyn

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32
Q

mechanism of action of CROMOLYN

A

Prevent mast cells from releasing histamines

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33
Q

when should you use mast cell stabilizers?

A

When glucocorticoids cause problems

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34
Q

common side effects of CROMOLYN?

A

Throat irritation bad taste cough and wheezing

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35
Q

phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (PDE4) are called what?

A

Roflumilast (Daliresp)

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36
Q

what is the mechanism of action of PDE4 inhibitors?

A

Inhibits PTE for resulting in accumulation of adenosine monophosphate in lung tissue. Reduces the amount of cells in sputum.

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37
Q

What are serious side effects of PPE4 inhibitors

A

Suicidal thoughts and angioedema

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38
Q

Are PDE4 inhibitors bronco dilators?

A

No

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39
Q

what type of drug is albuterol

A

Bronchodilator

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40
Q

what type of drug is salmeterol

A

Bronchodilator

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41
Q

what type of drug is Theophyline

A

Bronco dilator

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42
Q

what type of drug is ipratropium

A

Bronco dilator

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43
Q

where are beta-2 adrenergic receptors

A

lungs

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44
Q

What does SABA stand for?

A

Short acting beta2 agonist

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45
Q

what are other names for albuterol

A

Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir

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46
Q

mechanism of action of albuterol

A

Stimulates beta two receptors in the smooth muscles of bronchi and bronchioles promoting bronchial dilation

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47
Q

common side effects of albuterol

A

Nervousness, restlessness, tremor, insomnia

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48
Q

serious adverse effects of albuterol

A

Chest pain arrhythmias hypertension and paradoxical bronchospasm

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49
Q

if your asthma is controlled should you use albuterol often

A

No

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50
Q

what should you monitor the intake of with someone using albuterol

A

Caffeine

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51
Q

what medical history should you not use albuterol

A

Systemic beta agonist with diabetes mellitus, hyper thyroidism and HTN

52
Q

if you started an MAOI how many days should you wait to use albuterol

A

14

53
Q

what does LABA stand for?

A

Long acting beta2 agonist

54
Q

what are severe side effects of LABa’s?

A

Prolonged QT interval

55
Q

what type of beta to agonist is salmeterol

A

LABA

56
Q

Xanthine is what?

A

Theophylline

57
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Theophylline

A

Relax smooth muscles of bronchi by blocking receptors for adenosine

58
Q

severe side effects of Theophylline

A

Atrial fibrillation, tachyarrhythmias, seizures and toxicity

59
Q

Ipraatropium. is what type of medication

A

Anti-chlorogenic

60
Q

Ipratropium is also called what?

A

Atrovent

61
Q

atrovent is FDA approved for what

A

COPD

62
Q

atrovent is off label use for

A

Asthma

63
Q

common side effects of Atrovent

A

Dry mouth and increase of intraocular pressure

64
Q

mechanism of action of Atrovent

A

Blocks muscarinic receptors and bronchi, preventing bronchoconstriction

65
Q

What is a LAMA

A

Long acting anti-muscarinic antagonist

66
Q

do you use LAMA’s for acute issues

A

No

67
Q

should you use LAMA with ipratropium

A

No

68
Q

Spiriva is also called what?

A

Tiotropium

69
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Spiriva

A

Anti-Korra genetic selectively and reversibly inhibiting M3 receptors of smooth muscles and airways

70
Q

serious side effects of Spiriva

A

Open angle glaucoma, urinary retention, balance traction, immediate hypersensitivity reaction

71
Q

why would you notify healthcare provider immediately when using Spiriva

A

Angioedema or eye pain

72
Q

how many days a week do you want to use SABA’s

A

2 a week or less

73
Q

what are treatment goals of COPD

A

Reduce symptoms, reduce risk and mortality

74
Q

how do you reduce risks and mortality of COPD

A

Prevent progression of disease and manage exacerbations

75
Q

How do you reduce symptoms of COPD

A

Improve health status and increase exercise tolerance

76
Q

what are intranasal glucocorticoids used for

A

Allergic rhinitis

77
Q

What is the mechanism of action of intranasal glucocorticoids

A

Acts on cell mediators of inflammation

78
Q

what do you use intranasal glucocorticoids for

A

Prevention and treatment of seasonal rhinitis

79
Q

serious side effects of intranasal glucocorticoids

A

Adrenal insufficiency, decreased bone density, cataracts, glaucoma

80
Q

what is a first generation H1 receptor antagonist

A

Diphenhydramine

81
Q

diphenhydramine is also called what

A

` Benadryl

82
Q

what is the mechanism of action of diphenhydramine

A

Antagonize the effects of histamine on H1 receptors

83
Q

what do you use diphenhydramine for

A

Hypersensitivity reactions, motion sickness and insomnia

84
Q

does Benadryl cross the blood brain barrier

A

yes

85
Q

what type of side effects does diphenhydramine produce

A

Anti-chlorogenic…. Dry mouth urinary retention constipation blurred vision

86
Q

what medication is a second generation H1 receptor antagonist

A

Fexofenadine (Allegra)

87
Q

when does Allegra start working?

A

Within one hour of oral administration

88
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Allegra

A

Antagonize the effects of histamine at peripheral histamine receptors

89
Q

onset of action of diphenhydramine

A

If oral 60 minutes 30 minutes if IV rapid

90
Q

What condition should you use Benadryl with caution in

A

Peptic ulcers and prosthetic hyperplasia

91
Q

does fexofenadine cross the blood brain barrier?

A

No

92
Q

why does Benadryl cause

A

Cross the blood brain barrier access sedative

93
Q

what medication’s have strong interactions with fexofenadine

A

Magnesium and aluminum containing antacids decrease the absorption and may decrease effectiveness

94
Q

Mechanism of action of intranasal cromolyn sodium

A

Suppresses release of histamine and inflammatory mediators

95
Q

do you use intranasal cromolyn sodium to treat sinus infections or URi’s

A

No

96
Q

Sudafed is what type of drug

A

Simpathomimetics

97
Q

pseudoephedrine is also called what

A

Sudafed

98
Q

onset of action of Sudafed

A

30 minutes

99
Q

mechanism of action of pseudoephedrine

A

Stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors releasing norepinephrine causing vasoconstriction in nose

100
Q

common side effects of Sudafed

A

Anxiety, nervousness, and palpitations and insomnia

101
Q

serious adverse effects of Sudafed

A

A fib, heart attack and PVCs

102
Q

should you take Sudafed with MAOI’s?

A

No

103
Q

Sudafed is protected how because why?

A

Sold behind the counter requires a photo ID, can only buy a limited amount because it can be used to make meth.

104
Q

Phenylephrine is what?

A

Sudafed PE

105
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Afrin

A

Acts directly on alpha-2 receptors producing vasoconstriction

106
Q

how many days can you use Afrin for

A

3

107
Q

what is rebound congestion known as

A

Rhinitis Medicamentosa

108
Q

dextromethorphan is also called what?

A

Delsym

109
Q

Dextromethorphan is what class of drug?

A

Antitussive

110
Q

what does antitussive mean

A

Cough suppressant

111
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Delsym?

A

Depresses the cough center in the meulla

112
Q

common adverse effects of Delsym

A

Dizziness sedation and rash

113
Q

what medication does Delsym interact with

A

Acetaminophen due to liver issues

114
Q

what antitussives is an opioid

A

Codeine

115
Q

what is the mechanism of action of codeine as an antitussive

A

Depresses the medullary cough reflux elevating cough threshold

116
Q

what are adverse events of the antitussive codine

A

Addiction and suppressing respirations

117
Q

what class of drug is guaifenesin

A

Expectorant

118
Q

what is the onset of guaifenesin

A

30 minutes

119
Q

what is the mechanism of action of guaifenesin

A

Reduces the viscosity of secretion by irritating gastric vagal receptors

120
Q

what route can guaifenesin be given

A

Orally and oral extended release

121
Q

what are brand names of guaifenesin

A

Robitussin and Mucinex

122
Q

who should not receive over the counter cough and cold products

A

Children less than four

123
Q

is expectorant medication such as guaifenesin used for long-term use

A

No

124
Q

combination products contain what for cold and cough suppressants

A

Nasal decongestants, antitussives, analgesics, anti-histamines and caffeine.

125
Q

Cafein offsets what side effects and combination

A

Sedative effects

126
Q

are cold remedies cures for colds?

A

No they are symptomatic treatment

127
Q

what herbal remedy has been shown to reduce symptoms of cold?

A

Zinc

Pharm (4 decks)

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