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Pharm > Anti-Infections > Flashcards

Anti-Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antibiotic

A

Bacteria that kills other bacteria

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2
Q

What differentiates an antimicrobial agent from an antibiotic?

A

Antimicrobial is synthetic

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3
Q

what does selective toxicity mean

A

Kills bacteria without hurting other cells

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4
Q

how many pathogens do narrow spectrum antibiotics kill

A

1 specific

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5
Q

what is the difference between bacteriocidal and bacterial static?

A

Bacteriocidal kills bacteria and bacterial static causes damage but does not kill the pathogen

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6
Q

should you finish the entire course of antibiotics?

A

Yes

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7
Q

what percentage is the minimum inhibitory concentration inhibit of bacteria

A

90%

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8
Q

what percentage is the minimum bacteriocidal concentration kill of pathogen

A

99.99%

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9
Q

if someone is G6PD deficient what could antibiotics cause

A

RBC to lyse

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10
Q

how long should you wait to give antibiotics for a cold symptomatic patient

A

7-10 days

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11
Q

what are beta lactam antibacterial agents?

A

Penicillin, cephalosporin, monobactam and carbanems

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12
Q

penicillin is also called what

A

Ampicillin

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13
Q

Does penicillin work on gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria

A

Gram-positive

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14
Q

serious adverse effect of penicillin?

A

Pseudomembranous colitis a.k.a. CDIFF

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15
Q

when would you never give a patient penicillin/ampicillin

A

History of severe allergic reaction to other beta-lactam’s

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16
Q

how do you want to give your patient penicillin

A

If oral with water one hour before or two hours after meals

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17
Q

how long should you monitor if giving a patient penicillin IV

A

30 minutes

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18
Q

what do beta-lactamase inhibitors do?

A

Allows for the antibiotic to penetrate the cell wall

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19
Q

what is a first generation cephalosporin

A

Cefazolin aka Ancef

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20
Q

what is another name for Ancef

A

Cefazolin

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21
Q

Does Cefazolin work on gram-positive or gram-negative

A

Gram-positive

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22
Q

when is cephalosporin usually given

A

Pre-operative prophylaxis

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23
Q

route of Ancef

A

IM, IV

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24
Q

serious adverse effect of Ancef?

A

CDF leukopenia neutropenia and thrombocytopenia

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25
Q

hard no for Ancef

A

Previous allergic reaction to other beta lactams

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26
Q

routes of administration of Ancef

A

Oral with meals IV piggyback or IV push

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27
Q

what is a disulfiram reacrion?

A

sever vomiting

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28
Q

Primaxin is what class of drug?

A

Carbapenems

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29
Q

severe adverse reaction of Carbapenems?

A

CDF, seizures and CNS toxicity

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30
Q

what class of drug is Vancomycin?

A

Glycopeptide

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31
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Vancomycin

A

Breaks down the cell wall

32
Q

How many ML’s of fluid would you give with Vancomycin?

A

give with 250ml of fluid over 1 hour

33
Q

severe adverse event of Vanco

A

Renal failure, ototoxicity, Redman syndrome

34
Q

what causes Redman syndrome when using Vanco

A

Administering too quickly

35
Q

Hard no forgiving Vanco

A

Renal impairment

36
Q

what is the effect of trough serum level of Vanco

A

15 to 20 µg/ milliliter narrow therapeutic range

37
Q

after how many doses do you take a trough with Vanco

A

After fourth dose

38
Q

what drug is a Monobactam

A

Azactam/Aztreonam

39
Q

what patients use monobactam’s

A

Cystic fibrosis patients

40
Q

is it Azctam safe for PCN allergy patients?

A

Yes

41
Q

what are serious adverse events with the use of Azactam

A

Seizures and CDIFF

42
Q

what do bacteriostatic antibiotics inhibit?

A

Proteins synthesis

43
Q

what are the two bacteriostatic antibiotics

A

Tetracycline and Erythromycin

44
Q

what is tetracycline used for

A

Chlamydia mycoplasma and when someone has a penicillin allergy

45
Q

what is a common side effect of tetracycline

A

Photosensitivity

46
Q

if someone is less than eight years old using tetracycline what can happen to their teeth and bones

A

Discoloration of teeth and interfere with bone growth

47
Q

hard no for tetracycline

A

Pregnancy less than eight years old or significant renal impairment

48
Q

if you can’t take tetracycline on an empty stomach how should you take it

A

One hour before meals or two hours after

49
Q

erythromycin is what class of drug

A

Macrolide

50
Q

erythromycin as used as a what?

A

Penicillin substitute

51
Q

what does erythromycin Comm in the Treat

A

Sexually transmitted infections

52
Q

is erythromycin bacterial static or bactericidal

A

Bacteriostatic

53
Q

what foods should you not eat when taking erythromycin

A

Grapefruit juice

54
Q

how is erythromycin metabolized

A

By the liver with the P450 enzyme

55
Q

serious side effects of erythromycin

A

Ototoxicity, super infection, QT prolongation and CDIFF

56
Q

never give erythromycin if someone has what

A

History of long QT syndrome or history of hypersensitivity

57
Q

do not give her with her myosin if someone is taking an inhibitor of what

A

CYP3A4 enzyme (calcium channel blocker orphans and HIV meds)

58
Q

gentamicin is what class of drugs

A

Aminoglycoside

59
Q

What is aminoglycoside used for

A

Aerobic gram-negative bacteria with Vanco myosin or beta-lactam

60
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Gentamicin?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria at the ribosome

61
Q

is aminoglycosides bacteriocidal or bacteria static

A

Bacteriocidal

62
Q

is Gentamicin metabolized in the liver

A

NO

63
Q

serious side effects of aminoglycoside

A

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

64
Q

how many minutes will you administer Gentamicin over in IV piggyback?

A

30 min

65
Q

what is a concern when using aminoglycosides/Gentamicin?

A

Hearing stuff and kidneys

66
Q

What medication is a Sulfonamides?

A

Bactrum

67
Q

what is the generic name of Bactrim

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

68
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Bactrim

A

Inhibiting Metaball ism of Folick acid and bacteria at two places

69
Q

what is a serious adverse effect of Bactrim

A

Hyperkalemia hyponatremia Steven Johnson syndrome and CDIFF. Blood issues too

70
Q

what drug is a fluoroquinolone?

A

Ciprofloxacin

71
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Ciprofloxacin?

A

Stops DNA synthesis by stopping DNA enzyme

72
Q

cipro interacts with what drugs that is important

A

Drugs that prolong the QT interval

73
Q

what is the black box warning for MSK with ciprofloxacin?

A

Tendinitis and tendon rupture

74
Q

what is a black box warning for Nero aspects of Ciprofloxacin?

A

Peripheral neuropathy and increased ICP and seizures

75
Q

what are non-specific blackbox warnings with Ciprofloxacin?

A

Liver problems anaphylaxis and CDIFF

Pharm (4 decks)

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