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Pharm > Anti-Infections Part-2 > Flashcards

Anti-Infections Part-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What can identify Latent TB?

A

Positive STS or blood test and Negative X-ray

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2
Q

What can identify active TB

A

Positive TST or blood test, Abnormal CXR, Positive Feels Sick

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3
Q

Latent TB is treated with how many drugs?

A

1 or 2

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4
Q

How many drugs must active TB be treated with?

A

Must include 2 or more drugs

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5
Q

What is required if you get a positive skin or blood test for TB?

A

CXR and sputum Culture

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6
Q

Multi Drug Resistance TB is resistant to what drugs?

A

Isoniazid and Rifampin

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7
Q

Extensively Drug Resistant TB is resistant to what?

A

INh and Rifampin
All fluoroquinolones
at least on injectable second line drug

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8
Q

How many phases of Active TB?

A

Two Phases

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9
Q

What is the intensive phase of TB tx?

A

First 8 weeks of tx
Most bacilli killed during this phase
4 drugs used

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10
Q

What happens n the continuation phase of Active TB?

A

After 8 weeks, at least 2 drugs used

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11
Q

If someone has drug sensitive TB what drugs work

A

Rif an INH

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12
Q

What is the go to drug for people with TB and HIV?

A

Rifabutin

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13
Q

Why not use Rifampin for HIV pt’s?

A

speeds up drugs used for HIV

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14
Q

What is DOT?

A

Direct observing therapy

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15
Q

How often do you take drugs with intermittent dosing?

A

2-3 times a week

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16
Q

Isoniazid MOA?

A

inhibits cell wall formation

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17
Q

Use of Isoniazid INH?

A

Single use for latent TB

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18
Q

Black Box warning for INH?

A

Hepatotoxicity

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19
Q

What do you want to get a baseline screening of with someone on INH?

A

Vision

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20
Q

Do not give INH is patient has what? (Hard no)

A

Acute liver disease or hx of hepatotoxicity

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21
Q

When should you take INH?

A

1 hour before meals or 2 hours after

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22
Q

LFT how often when on INH?

A

Monthly

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23
Q

What drug can stop peripheral neuropathy with INH use?

A

Pyridoxine (Vit B6)

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24
Q

What is Rifampin used for?

A

Acute TB with other drugs.

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25
Q

MOA of Rifampin

A

Stops synthesis of RNA and is Bactericidal

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26
Q

Common adverse effect of Rifampin

A

Red discoloration of tears an urine

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27
Q

Serious SE of Rifampin

A

Heptotoxic and ARF

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28
Q

Hard no for Rifampin?

A

HIV meds specifically protease inhibitors

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29
Q

When do you take Rifampin?

A

1 hour before meals or 2 hours after

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30
Q

What is Pyrazinamide used for?

A

TB

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31
Q

Is Pyrazinaminde Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal to M. tuberculosis

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32
Q

Serious SE of Pyrazinamide

A

Gout and of course liver toxic

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33
Q

Hard no for Pyrazinamide?

A

sever liver disease or gout

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34
Q

What to eval while on Pyrazinamide?

A

LFT and uric acid

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35
Q

Myambutol is also called what?

A

Ethambutol

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36
Q

Use of Myambutol?

A

Initial tx of TB and for people that have had TB in past

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37
Q

MOA of Myambutol?

A

impaired cell wall synthesis

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38
Q

Serious SE of Myambutol/Ethambutol?

A

Optic neuritis

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39
Q

Hard no for mymnutol?

A

Optic Neuritis

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40
Q

How many classes of Antifungals are there?

A

4

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41
Q

Amphotericin B is used for what?

A

progressive and fatal fungal infections

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42
Q

How in Amphotericin given?

A

IV only slowly over 2-4 hours

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43
Q

MOA of Amphotericin B?

A

makes cell membrane more permeable

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44
Q

black Box warning for Amphotericin B?

A

Reserve this drug for progressive and life threatening fungus

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45
Q

Serious SE of Amphotericin

A

Nephrotoxicity, CNS, Cardiac Arrest

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46
Q

What drugs does everyone get as pretreatment options when given Amphotericin B?

A

Benadryl and Tylenol

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47
Q

What drugs are give for Rigors associated with Amphotericin B?

A

(Meperidine) Demoral or (Revonto) Dantrolene

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48
Q

What drug do you use for rigors associated with amphotericin B when other fail?

A

Hydrocortisone

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49
Q

Will kidney damage occur with Amphotericin B?

A

Yes extent of damage r/t amount in dose

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50
Q

You will ahve ongoing damage to Kidney if dose of Amphotericin total dose is great than what?

A

4 grams

51
Q

How often do you monitor serum creatinine while patient is on Amphotericin B?

A

Q 2-4 days

52
Q

Reduce dosage of Amphotericin does if serum creatinine is over wht?

A

3.5mg/gL

53
Q

Should you give NSAIDS with Amphotericin?

A

No

54
Q

What should you do on days that client receives Ampotericin dose?

A

Flush system with 1L bolus

55
Q

What is Itraconazole used for?

A

Systemic and localized mycoses

56
Q

MOA of Itraconazole?

A

inhibits synthesis of ergosterol

57
Q

Black Box warning of Itraconazole?

A

Do not use for treating onychomycosis in patients with ventricular dysfunction like HF

58
Q

Hard No for Itraconazole?

A

Drugs that mess with CYP34A

59
Q

What should you drink when you take Itrazonazole?

A

Cola beverage or food

60
Q

Fluconazole is also called what?

A

Diflucan

61
Q

Diflucan is sued for what?

A

Yeast infection with 1 pill

62
Q

Is IV and PO dose the same in Diflucan?

A

Yes

63
Q

Caspofungin is used for what?

A

Serious diseases hard to reach areas of body

64
Q

Caspofungin is give how?

A

IV only

65
Q

Acyclovir is used for what?

A

Recurrent herpes infection and shingles

66
Q

MOA of Acyclovier?

A

Interferes with viral DNA synthesis and decreases viral shedding

67
Q

Serious SE of Acyclovir?

A

reversible nephrotoxicity

68
Q

What should you do when giving topical Acyclovir?

A

Wear a glove due to viral shedding

69
Q

What is major concern with Acyclovir?

A

Kidney is key

70
Q

Does Acyclovir cure herpes?

A

No , educate on importance of preventing spread with sexual partners.

71
Q

Who can use Tamiflu?

A

Adults and kids 1 year and older who have Flu A or B

72
Q

How long should you have sx to use Tmaiflu?

A

2 days or less

73
Q

Tamiflu is used for what?

A

Treat and prevent influenza

74
Q

Best way to not get flu?

A

Flu shot

75
Q

MOA of Tamiflu?

A

prevents virus from exiting host cell and infecting other cells

76
Q

What labs are used to guide tx of HIV?

A

CD4 count and Viral Load

77
Q

Do you want CD4 count to be high or low?

A

Up

78
Q

Do you want high viral load or low viral load in HIV?

A

Low viral Load

79
Q

What is causes resistance over the course of Tx of HIV?

A

No adherence to med regimen

80
Q

Abacavir is used for what virus?

A

HIV

81
Q

MOA of Abacavir?

A

acts on DNA by incorporating in growing strand of viral DNA

82
Q

Serious SE of Abacavir?

A

Lactic Acidosis

83
Q

Black Box Warning for Abacavir?

A

Fatal hypersensitivity in people with HLA-B*5701 mutation.

84
Q

Should you use Abacavir is patient has lactic acidosis?

A

No

85
Q

Ho long should it take for Abacavir to reach minimal level?

A

4-5 months for minimal level of viral load

86
Q

Sustiva MOA?

A

inhibits DNA replication by binding to reverse transcriptase enzyme

87
Q

Can you use Sustiva if prego?

A

No

88
Q

When should you take sustavia?

A

empty stomach at bedtime

89
Q

What drug is a protease Inhibitor?

A

Darunavir

90
Q

Moa of Darunavir

A

binds to HIV protease preventing cleaving

91
Q

Serious SE of Darunavir?

A

Diabetes

92
Q

Common SE of Darunavir?

A

Fat stomach, Hyperlipidemia, Hyperglycemia

93
Q

Can you use Darunavir with Riphafin?

A

No

94
Q

What drug must you get a booster of if taking Darunavir?

A

Ritonavir

95
Q

What is the MOA of Isentress?

A

Stops HIV replication by preventing insertion of HIV DNA

96
Q

HIV fusion inhibitor is what drug?

A

Enfuvirtide

97
Q

MOA of Enfuvirtide?

A

does not let HIV into CD4 T-cells

98
Q

Who do you want to be careful with in giving Enfuvirtide?

A

Respiratory people with problems risk for pneumonia

99
Q

What age patients can use Maraviroc?

A

16 and older

100
Q

MOA of Maraviroc

A

Binds with CCR5 to block viral entry

101
Q

If patient forgets to take a dose of Maraviroc what should they do?

A

Take missed dose ASAP and regular time for future doses

102
Q

What drugs are used for combination Therapy for HIV?

A

NRTI and ARV

103
Q

What is PrEP?

A

Drug for people for HIV prophylaxis

104
Q

what makes Prep more effetive?

A

Taking consistently daily

105
Q

Flyagyl is also called what?

A

Metronidazole

106
Q

MOA of Flagyl?

A

Disrupts DNA synthesis in protozoal organisms.

107
Q

Severe SE of Flygyl?

A

CNS stuff…seizurs aseptic meningitis and SJS

108
Q

How long do you give IV infusion of Metronidazole over if IV?

A

60 min

109
Q

What do you want to tell patients to avoid using when taking Flygal?

A

Alcohol due to disufiram reaction

110
Q

What is an Ectoparasiticide?

A

living thing on the body

111
Q

What is Pediculosos caused by?

A

Lice

112
Q

What is scabies caused by?

A

Mites

113
Q

what suffocates lice?

A

Benzyl alcohol

114
Q

What must you treat with body lice?

A

Treat the surrounding environment

115
Q

What kills lice that are on the body?

A

Permethrinin and Malathion

116
Q

What are lice on pubes called?

A

crabs

117
Q

what are lice on eyelashes called?

A

Pediculosis ciliaris

118
Q

What is the tx for Scabies?

A

Permethrin, malathion

119
Q

Malathion can be used in patients at what age?

A

6 and older

120
Q

What are lice eggs in hair called?

A

nits

121
Q

When using malathion how should you apply?

A

put on dry hair, let it dry naturally after 8-12 hours rinse and comb out

122
Q

Permethrin is toxic to what?

A

mits and lice

123
Q

How do you use Permethrin Nix?

A

apply to damp hair leave on 10 min rinse with warm water repeat after 1 week if still lice

Pharm (4 decks)

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