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Pharm > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Goals of Treatment for PUD

A

Alleviate SX, Promote Healing, Prevent Complications

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2
Q

Antibiotics treat what GI infection?

A

H. pylori

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3
Q

When curing H. pylori what drugs do you want to use?

A

2 ABX + a proton pump inhibitor

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4
Q

Best ABX to use for H. pylori

A

Clarithromycin/amoxicillin plus omneprozl

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5
Q

What drug is a Histamine2 Receptor Antagonist?

A

Cimetidine/ aka Tagment

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6
Q

What is the suffix for H2 Blockers

A

tidine

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7
Q

MOA of H2 receptor antagonist?

A

blocks H2 receptors on parietal cells to stop acid production

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8
Q

Can Tagment cross the BBB?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Serious complication of Tagment/Cimetidine?

A

Pneumonis due to lowering pH becomes alkiline

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10
Q

What serious AE are unique to tagment?

A

CNS problmes and Antiandrogenic effects

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11
Q

Should you take tagment with food?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Pt education for Cimetidine?

A

looks for signs of worse bleeding, limit factors that contribute to PUD

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13
Q

What are things that contribute to PUD?

A

smoking, drinking, alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDS

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14
Q

What class of drug is OmeprazolePrilosec?

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

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15
Q

What drugs are used to treat Gastric and duodenal ulcers, and GERD?

A

PPI’s

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16
Q

MOA of Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

Irreversibly inhibit the H and K+ ATPase that makes gastric acid

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17
Q

Serious AE of Omeprazole/Prilosec?

A

Pneumonia, Fractures due to C+ lowering, Hypomagnesemia,

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18
Q

What is possible if you stop taking Prilosec?

A

Rebound hypersecretion

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19
Q

Hard no for Omeprazole/Prilosec?

A

Some HIV drugs

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20
Q

Treating PUD with PPI how long do you want to take?

A

Orally low dose for shortest time required

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21
Q

Careful of using PPI withpatients that have a hx of what?

A

Osteoporosis

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22
Q

What PPI can you give IV?

A

Pantoprazole

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23
Q

What electrolyte do you want to be careful of in using PPI?

A

Mag due to hypo magnesemia

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24
Q

Wha tis Sucralfate used for?

A

Manage Duodenal ulcers

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25
Q

MOA of Carafate/Sucralfate?

A

Coats uclers to protect from acid

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26
Q

What drug is used for ulcers caused by NSAID use?

A

Misoprostol/Cytotec

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27
Q

MOA of Cytotec?

A

Analog of prostoglandin/ stimulates utrine contractions

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28
Q

Hard no for Cytotec?

A

Pregnancy due to stimulation of uterine contractions

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29
Q

What do Antacids do?

A

Neutralize acid and decrease destruction of gut wall

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30
Q

What antacids cause diarrhea?

A

Aluminum hydroxide and Calcium carbonate

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31
Q

What antacid can cause mag toxicity?

A

Magnesium hydroxide kidney is key

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32
Q

What is sodium Bicarb mainly used for?

A

treat acidosis and to alkalinize urine

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33
Q

What is the effect of Laxatives?

A

production of soft formed stool over 1 or more days and prevent constipation

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34
Q

What is the point of Catharisi?

A

prompt fluid evacuation of the bowel

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35
Q

How fast do group 1 laxatives work?

A

2-6 hours be sure to be safe

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36
Q

How fast do Group 2 lax’s work and what ype of stool do they produce?

A

6-12 hours semifluid stool

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37
Q

What is the most frequently abused lax catergorey?

A

Group 3

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38
Q

How long do group 3 lax’s take to work?

A

1-3 days

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39
Q

What type of stool do group 3 lax’s make?

A

soft formed stool

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40
Q

contraindications to lax use?

A

appendicitis, diverticulitis, UC and abdominal pain

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41
Q

Should prego women us lax’s?

A

Carefully could induce labor or go into breast milk

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42
Q

Bulk forming agents are what group of lax’s?

A

Group 2

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43
Q

What type of lax is Metamucil/Psyllium?

A

Bulk forming agent

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44
Q

MOA of metamucil?

A

forms a gel that softens fecal mass

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45
Q

Do not give Bulk forming Metamucil if patient has what?

A

esophageal obstruction existing

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46
Q

What group of lax is Surfacants?

A

Group 3

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47
Q

What drug is a surfactans?

A

Colace…aka docusate sodium

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48
Q

What is Colace used for?

A

Prevent constipation

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49
Q

What is MOA of Colace?

A

Pulls water anf fat into stool

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50
Q

What Group of lax is a stimulant?

A

Group 2

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51
Q

What is Bisacodyl used for?

A

Opioid induced constipation and slow GI constipation

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52
Q

MOA of Bisacodyl?

A

Stimulate GI motility

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53
Q

Osmotic Lax are what class?

A

1 and 2

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54
Q

Miralax is what class of lax?

A

2

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55
Q

Use Osmotic Lax for what?

A

Chronic constipation bowel prep or aggressive parasite

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56
Q

Serious Adverse affect of Osmotic Laxatives?

A

Dehydration

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57
Q

Consequence of of overuse of Lax?

A

needing to use more laxatives because sensor to have BM does not work

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58
Q

Use of Antiemetics

A

suppress nausea and vomiting

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59
Q

Serotonin Antagonist Drug?

A

Zofran/Ondansetron

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60
Q

Most serious complication of Zofran?

A

prolonged QT

61
Q

What receptor does Serotonin antagonist work on?

A

5-HT3

62
Q

What drug is a dopamine antagonist?

A

Prochlorperazine

63
Q

Where do dopamine bloc receptors at?

A

CTZ

64
Q

What drug is an antiemetic that is a anticholinergic?

A

Scopolamine

65
Q

What is Scopolamine used for?

A

Motion Sickness

66
Q

What Se does Scopolamine cause?

A

Dry Mouth works in inner ear

67
Q

What are the two major groups of antidiarrheals

A

Specific and Non Specific

68
Q

When is a specific time you would use an antidiarrheal

A

when someone. has a new poop route

69
Q

What is a non specific antidiarrheal agent?

A

Tincture of Opium

70
Q

When would you give tincture of Opium

A

when you want to have constipation

71
Q

MOA of Opium Tincture?

A

Activate Mu receptors in GI tract

72
Q

Lomotil has Atropine for what reason?

A

To prevent abuse

73
Q

Atropine in Lototil is what?

A

A dose limiting agent

74
Q

What Nonspecific antidiarrheal has little to no potential for abuse?

A

Loperamide

75
Q

What are the three nonspecific antidiarrheals?

A

Opioid Tincture, Lomotil, Loperamide

76
Q

What re specific antidiarrheals used for?`

A

treat diarrhea due to infection

77
Q

How do you control diarrhea caused by infection?

A

ABX to kill and let diarrhea run its course

78
Q

Should you use ABX for Salmonella?

A

Yes

79
Q

ABX for Shigella?

A

Yes

80
Q

ABX for Campylobacter?

A

Yes

81
Q

ABX for Clostridium?

A

Yes

82
Q

What is used to treat Travelers Diarrhea?

A

Ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin

83
Q

What are two inflammatory bowel diseases?

A

Chrons and UC

84
Q

What is the most common disorder of GI?

A

Irritable Bowel syndrome

85
Q

IBS-C is what?

A

Constipation

86
Q

IBS-D is what?

A

Diarrhea

87
Q

IBS-M is what?

A

Constapation and Diarrhea

88
Q

What is a specific drug for IBS?

A

Alosetron

89
Q

MOA of specific drugs for IBS?

A

Blocks serotonin receptors on viscera neruons

90
Q

Where is Alosetron metabolized?

A

Liver

91
Q

Is IBD curable?

A

No just controlled

92
Q

What does a pro-kinetic agent do?

A

makes bowel want to move

93
Q

MOA of Pro-Kinetics?

A

Enchances the actions of acetylcholine for slowed gI movement

94
Q

What drug is a ProKinetic?

A

Reglan

95
Q

Serious Adverese Affect of Regln?

A

Irreversible tardive dyskinesia

96
Q

What is the ideal vehicle for getting vitamins and minerals?

A

Food

97
Q

What is a parenteral feeding?

A

Fed through an IV

98
Q

What are fat soluable Vitamins?

A

ADEK

99
Q

How long do fat soluble vitamin stay in system?

A

weeks or months

100
Q

How are water soluble vitamins secreted?

A

Quickly and deficiencies are noted quickly

101
Q

What eprcent of vitamins do you urinate out?

A

90%

102
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A
103
Q

what is vit C required for?

A

Healing and a positive nitrogen balance.

104
Q

What vitamin can reach levels of toxicity?

A

Vit A

105
Q

what vit is a tetratogenic?

A

Vit A

106
Q

Who needs Vit B1 the most?

A

alcoholics due to thiamine deficiency Banana bag

107
Q

What is Vit B9 also called?

A

Folic Acid

108
Q

What is folic acid used for?

A

pregnancy to reduce neural tube injury

109
Q

Who needs B12?

A

Gastric Bypass patients and Pernicious anemia patients

110
Q

What does Vit C faciliate?

A

Iron absorption

111
Q

What is Vit K required for?

A

Bone health and clotting

112
Q

What is the best source vitamins?

A

Well balanced diet

113
Q

What exceptions for vit intakes should you supplement if have osteoporosis?

A

calcium

114
Q

what VitC helps iron absorption?

A

Iron

115
Q

What are the two types of minerals?

A

Macro and Micro

116
Q

C+ Macro or micro mineral?

A

Macro

117
Q

Magnesium, macro or micro mineral?

A

Macro

118
Q

Phosphorous, macro or micro mineral?`

A

Macro

119
Q

Potassium, macro or micro mineral?

A

Macro

120
Q

Sodium, macro or micro mineral?

A

Macro

121
Q

Iron, macro or micro mineral?

A

micro

122
Q

Zinc, macro or micro mineral?

A

micro

123
Q

Zinc is needed for what?

A

wound healing

124
Q

What do you want to assess before giving K+

A

Cardiac rhythm status and serum levels

125
Q

Should you ever push K+?

A

Never IV push

126
Q

What mineral is a dose of no more than 10mq/hr

A

K+

127
Q

Rate for K+ in a central line

A

20-40mq/hr

128
Q

If patient has pain at IV site when giving K+ what should you do?

A

slow infusion rate

129
Q

When do you reassess pt after starting K+ drip?

A

5-10 min after start

130
Q

Wha route is MAG Sulfate?

A

IV

131
Q

Wha route is MAG oxide?

A

PO

132
Q

What is the MOA of Mag?

A

Blocks ACH neuromuscular junction

133
Q

Hard no for Mag?

A

Serious cardiac disease

134
Q

Do you ever IV push Mag sulfate?

A

No slow IV infusion

135
Q

What is the reversal agent for Mag?

A

Calcium Gluconate

136
Q

Sign of to much Mag?

A

Depressed DTR’s

137
Q

Hard no for Iron Supplement?

A

Anemia due to any other cause other than Iron Deficiency

138
Q

Avoid taking iron with what?

A

stuff that effects absorption ie milk eggs, antacids and caffeine

139
Q

Harmless SE of Iron supplements

A

Black Stools

140
Q

Who gets Enteral nutrition?

A

GI works but cant take PO stuff

141
Q

Important to make sure you have a order for this when someone is on enteral nutrition?

A

Free Water cause cant drink

142
Q

Complication of Enteral Nutririon is what and could cause what??

A

Refeeding syndrome and causes electrolyte imbalances

143
Q

Things to consider when giving drugs to Enteral nutrition people?

A

Check compability
Crush drug is ok
flush between drugs

144
Q

How long should you stop tube feeding before and after med admin?

A

15 min

145
Q

If you stop tube feed be sure to do what?

A

turn back on

146
Q

Who gets PPN or TPN?

A

People who Gi tract does not work

147
Q

What does TPN require to administer?

A

Central Line Access

148
Q

How often is TPN modified?

A

Daily

Pharm (4 decks)

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