Respiratory Illness of the Upper Airway: URI, Otitis Media, Tonsillitis, Pertussis Flashcards
what causes upper respiratory tract infections (URIs)
RSV, rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza, and Para influenza viruses
what are the clinical manifestations of respiratory infections
-Vary with age; generalized signs and symptoms and local manifestations differ in young children
-Fever
-Anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
-Cough, sore throat, nasal blockage or discharge
-Respiratory sounds
what are viral infectious agents that cause respiratory infections
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
what are bacterial agents that can cause respiratory infections
-Group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS)
-Staphylococci
-Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma organisms, pneumococci
-Haemophilus influenzae
what are seasonal variations that we need to be aware of when it comes to respiratory infections
-Most common during winter and spring
-Mycoplasmal infections are more common in fall and winter
-Asthmatic bronchitis is more frequent in cold weather
-RSV season is typically winter and early spring
what are nursing interventions for respiratory infections
-Ease the respiratory effort
-Manage fever
-Promote rest and comfort
-Control infection
-Promote hydration and nutrition
-Provide family support and teaching
what are otitis media (OM) risk factors/concerns
-Poverty
-Crowded living conditions
-Suboptimal nutrition
-Limited hygiene
-Decreased access to care
-Decreased resources to be able to follow through with care
-Secondhand smoke
-Bottle vs. breast feeding,
-Propping the bottle, pacifier use
-Daycare
-Speech delays/developmental concerns?
-Recent antibiotic use (resistance)
what is pertussis (whooping cough)
-Caused by Bordetella pertussis
-In the United States, it occurs most often in children who have not been immunized
-Highest incidence is in spring and summer
-Highly contagious; 7-10 day course
-Risk to young infants
-Effectiveness of vaccine (booster)
what is the treatment for pertussis (whooping cough)
zithromycin
