Respiratory Illness of Lower Airway - Asthma Flashcards
what is the most common chronic respiratory illness
asthma
T/F - asthma is the leading cause of school absenteeism
true
which demographic of children are more likely to have asthma
black children
what is asthma
-chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways
-recurrent episodes
-limited air flow or obstruction that reverses spontaneously or with treatment
-bronchi hyperresponsiveness
what are symptoms seen during an asthma episode
-Wheezing, especially on expiration
-Breathlessness
-Chest tightness
-Cough (especially at night): Chronic and nonproductive
what are examples that impact the social determinants of health
Housing, Food, Education, Employment, Health care services, Recreation, Transportation, Public safety, Social support, Race/Ethnicity, Exposure to crime, violence, Poverty, Residential segregation, Language/ Literacy, Culture
is zip code a better predictor of health status than genetic code
yes
what triggers an asthma attack
-Tobacco Smoke
-Dust Mites
-Outdoor Air Pollution
-Pests (e.g., cockroaches, mice)
-Pets
-Mold
-Cleaning and Disinfection
what are the goals of asthma management
-Follow an Asthma Action Plan
-Self-management: Avoid allergens, triggers, Inhalers with child, Monitor function with a peak flow meter
-Preventative medications
-Relieve asthmatic episodes promptly
-Seek medical help when medications are ineffective and respiratory symptoms worsen
-Support child, adolescent, and family
what is the thing most people have a challenge with regarding asthma medication
when to take a bronchi dialator or steroid inhaler
what is a short acting bronchodilator (albuterol)
-Beta agonist (SABA)
-Rescue – quick relief - PRN
-MDI (metered dose inhaler)
what is a long acting bronchodilator (Formoterol)
Maintenance, daily
what is a low to high dose corticosteroid (Fluticasone)
Start with inhaled (Flovent), may need to move to systemic (Prednisone)
what should a child do after using a steroid inhaler
rinse their mouth to prevent mouth lesions
is a nebulizer superior to an inhaler with a space?
nope
t/f - respiratory distress continues despite vigorous therapeutic measures
true - ED and PICU continue to do nebs (albuterol) every 2 hours
what are the medications for acute asthma
-nebulized bronchodilators: b-adrenergic agonists –albuterol methylxanthines – aminophylline, theophylline
-steroids IV or oral: Methylprednisolone (IV Solu-medrol, po Orapred)
-magnesium sulfate: inhibits smooth muscle contraction, decreases histamine release from mast cells, and inhibits acetylcholine release
-heliox
A nurse is teaching an adolescent about the appropriate use of his asthma medications. Which of the following should the client be instructed to take as needed before exercise?
a. Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair)
b. Montelukast (Singulair)
c. Prednisone (Deltasone)
d. Albuterol (Proventil)
d. Albuterol (Proventil)
A nurse is planning care for a child who has asthma. Which of the following interventions should be included in the plan of care? Select all that apply.
a. Perform chest percussion
b. Place the child in an upright position
c. Monitor oxygen saturation
d. Administer bronchodilators
e. Administer dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) daily
b. Place the child in an upright position
c. Monitor oxygen saturation
d. Administer bronchodilators
A nurse is caring for a child who is receiving a bronchodilator medication by nebulized aerosol therapy. Which of the following are appropriate actions for the nurse to take? (Select all that apply.)
A. Instruct the child that the treatment will last 30 minutes
B. Obtain vital signs prior to the procedure
C. Tell the child to take slow deep breaths
D. Determine if the child should use a mask
E. Attach the device to an air source
B. Obtain vital signs prior to the procedure
C. Tell the child to take slow deep breaths
D. Determine if the child should use a mask
A nurse is assessing a child who has asthma. Which of the following are indications of deterioration in the child’s respiratory status? (Select all that apply.)
a. Oxygen saturation 95%
b. Wheezing
c. Retraction of sternal muscles
d. Warm extremities
e. Nasal flaring
b. Wheezing
c. Retraction of sternal muscles
e. Nasal flaring
