General Respiratory Information Flashcards
what age does the respiratory system finish developing?
age 12
describe the pediatric respiratory system structure
-Smaller size: Upper airway more prone to obstruction
-Less alveolar surface area: Reduced area for gas exchange
-Flexible chest, more diaphragmatic breathing: reduces air intake
-Cartilaginous support not fully developed
describe how the respiratory system develops in peds
-Respiratory structures grow in size and distance from each other
-Cartilage, muscular, lymph and other tissues firm up
-More efficient response to hypoxia
-Better immunologic response
what is the fetal respiratory development
-27 weeks
-Airway and alveoli under developed, lacking surfactant
-Weak intercostal muscles
-Immature alveolar and capillary blood supply
what is the youngest a fetus could live in gestational weeks with their respiratory system
24 weeks, but ideally we would want them to get to 27 weeks
what is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
-Occurs in infants who receive high levels of oxygen therapy
-Chronic lung condition r/t prematurity or ventilation
-Cyanosis, cough, tachypnea, shortness of breath
-Very prone to bronchiolitis, pneumonia, RSV
what is the respiratory norm for a 0-1 year old
24-38 breaths/min
what is the respiratory rate norm for age 1-3
22-30 breaths/min
what are the respiratory rate norm for age 4-6
20-24 breaths/min
what is the respiratory rate norm for 7-9 years
18-24 breaths/min
what are the respiratory rate norms for age 10-14
16-22 breaths/min
what is the respiratory rate norms for 14-18 years
14-20 breaths/min
explain the respiratory assessment strategy “across the room”
-work of breathing (WOB); nasal flaring
-General appearance: color, mucous, cough, sweating, unwell
-Behavior: irritability, confusion & anxiety, headache, struggle to talk, eat
-Sounds (stridor) - grunting, squeaking
explain the respiratory assessment strategy “minimal touch physical assessment”
-Respiratory rate
-Retractions
explain the respiratory assessment strategy “auscultation and physical assessment”
-Respiratory rate, heart rate, BP, temp
-Breath sounds – wheezing, “junky” – rales and rhonchi
-Expiratory, inspiratory, air movement
-SPO2
what symptoms will you see with mild respiratory distress
Tachypnea, tachycardia, diaphoresis
what will you see with moderate respiratory distress
-Flaring, retractions, grunting, wheezing
-Anxiety, irritability, confusion, mood changes
-Headaches, hypertension
what do you see with severe respiratory distress
-Dyspnea, bradycardia, stupor, coma
-Cyanosis = late sign
what is seen with respiratory failure
Hypoxemia, hypoxia, hypercapnia, tachypnea then bradycardia
A nurse is assessing a child. Which of the following is an early indication of hypoxemia?
a. Nonproductive cough
b. Hypoventilation
c. Nasal flaring
d. Nasal stuffiness
c. Nasal flaring
A nurse is caring for a child who is receiving oxygen therapy and is on a continuous oxygen saturation monitor that is reading 89%. Which of the following is the priority action for the nurse to take?
a. Increase oxygen flow rate
b. Encourage the child to take deep breaths
c. Ensure proper placement of the sensor probe
d. Place the child in the Fowler’s position
c. Ensure proper placement of the sensor probe
what is the different between respiratory arrest and apnea
-respiratory arrest: respirations cease
-apnea: respirations cease for less than 20 seconds
