Development, Family, Social/Cultural/Religious Influences, Ethics, Legal Issues

Question 1

which development framework does the american academy of pediatrics use

Answer 1

Bright Futures

Question 2

what are the 5 developmental milestones

Answer 2

-physical
-cognitive
-social/emotional
-interaction (parent-child-family)
-anticipatory guidance

Question 3

what are the developmental milestones for an infant (1 month-12 months of life)

Answer 3

-age 1 month to 12 months (1 year)
-note neonate is the first month of life
-trust VS mistrust
-sensorimotor

Question 4

what are the developmental milestones for a toddler (1-3 years old)

Answer 4

-autonomy V shame/doubt
-sensorimotor (up to age 2)
-preoperational (age 2-3)

Question 5

what is the developmental milestones of a preschooler (4-5 years)

Answer 5

-initiative V guilt (3-6 years)
-preoperational (2-7 years)

Question 6

what are the developmental milestones of school age (6-11 or 12 years)

Answer 6

-industry (activity) V inferiority (6-12 years)
-concrete operations (7-11 years)

Question 7

what are the developmental milestones of an adolescent (13-18 years)

Answer 7

-teenage (12 or 13-18)
-identity V role confusion (12-18 years)
-formal operations (11 years and older)

Question 8

A nurse is assessing a 6 month old child. What
developmental skills are normal and should be
expected?
• A. speaks in short sentences
• B. sits alone
• C. can feed self with spoon
• D. pulling up to a standing position

Answer 8

B. sits alone

Question 9

While teaching a 10 year old child about their
heart surgery the nurse should:
• A. provide a verbal explanation just prior to the
surgery
• B. provide the child with a booklet to read about the
surgery
• C. introduce the child to another child who had heart
surgery three days ago.
• D. explain the surgery using a model of the heart

Answer 9

D. explain the surgery using a model of the heart

Question 10

When giving care to a hospitalized adolescent,
the nurse should be aware that the major threat
felt by the hospitalized adolescent is
• A. pain management
• B. restricted physical activity
• C. altered body image
• D. separation from the family

Answer 10

C. altered body image

Question 11

The nurse is planning care for the 18 month old
child. Which of the following should be included
in the child’s care?
• A. hold and cuddle the child often
• B. encourage the child to feed himself finger food
• C. allow the child to walk independently on the
nursing unit
• D. engage the child in games with the other children

Answer 11

B. encourage the child to feed himself finger food

Question 12

The nurse is observing children playing in the
hospital playroom. She would expect to see
four year old children playing
• A. competitive board games with older children
• B. with their own toys along side other children
• C. alone with hand held computer games
• D. cooperatively with other preschoolers at a play
kitchen

Answer 12

D. cooperatively with other preschoolers at a play
kitchen

Question 13

what is involved in a family assessment

Answer 13

-family composition
-child’s place in the family
-home and who lives in the home
-daily life: work, school, daycare
-illness in family: health history of family
-interactions

Question 14

what are the stages in DuVall’s family development therory

Answer 14

-married couples
-childbearing
-preschool age children
-school age children
-teenage children
-launching the children
-middle aged parents
-aging family

Question 15

what is the definition of social determinants of health

Answer 15

Conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks

Question 16

what are the 5 social determinants of health

Answer 16

-neighborhood and built environment
-health and health care
-social and community context
-education
-economic stability

Question 17

what is the definition of cultural humility

Answer 17

a lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique whereby the individual not only learns about another’s culture, but one starts with an examination of her/his own beliefs and cultural identities

Question 18

what are the socioeconomic influences on health care

Answer 18

• Poverty
• Homelessness
• Migrant families
• Transient or unstable living situations
• Access to health care
• Utilization of health care
• Health risks

Question 19

what are religious influences on health care

Answer 19

• Religious beliefs: Religion, Spirituality, Beliefs of wellness, protection, or healing, Daily practices, Celebrations (days of significant religious or spiritual meaning)
• Susceptibility to health problems
• Beliefs of healing or cure
• Food customs
• Traditions related to the care of newborns or critically ill or dying persons
• Within group differences

Question 20

what are the regulation of nursing practice

Answer 20

• State Nurse Practice Act
• Professional standards developed by pediatric nursing organizations
• Hospital/agency policies

Question 21

what do we need to know about accountability and safety

Answer 21

• Staying current
• Recognizing changes in patient’s condition
• Taking necessary action to protect the child
• Medication dosing
• Risk management
• Quality improvement

Question 22

explain informed consent

Answer 22

• Physician legally responsible
• RN verify that informed consent has been obtained prior to any procedure
• Divorce and limitation of parental rights
• Research considerations
• Assent
• State law re: age 18 or 21 OR Minor is parent or pregnant, Emancipated minor, Mature minors

Question 23

what are some legal issues

Answer 23

• Withholding or withdrawing treatment
• Genetic testing of children
• Organ transplantation

Question 24

what are Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Answer 24

• Trust vs. mistrust (birth to one year)
• Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1-3 years)
• Initiative vs. guilt (3-6 years)
• Industry vs. inferiority (6-12 years)
• Identity vs. role confusion (12-18 years)

Question 25

what are Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Answer 25

• Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)
• Preoperational (2-7 years)
• Concrete operations (7-11 years)
• Formal operations (11 years to adulthood)