Respiratory/Hematology/Vital Signs Flashcards
Organs of the respiratory system do three things
- Bring fresh air into lungs
- Exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide
- Exhale stale air
These organs are apart of which system? Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs
Respiratory system
The __________ and ___________ systems work together on gas exchange
Respiratory and cardiovascular
Interruption of respiration can cause _____ ________ or _______
Brain damage or death
3 parts of respiration
Ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration
The flow of air between the outside environment and the lungs in 2 stages is called?
Ventilation
The 2 stages of ventilation are?
Inhalation and Exhalation
The flow of air into the lungs ; bringing fresh oxygen
Inhalaltion
The flow of air out of the lungs ; removing carbon dioxide
Exhalation
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
External respiration
________ leaves air sacs and enters the bloodstream
Oxygen
________ _________ leaves the bloodstream and enters air sacs
Carbon dioxide
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level
Internal respiration
________ is needed for cell metabolism
Oxygen, it leaves the bloodstream and is delivered to the cells
________ ________ is a waste product
Carbon dioxide, it leaves the cells and enters bloodstream for disposal by the lungs
Air enters nasal cavity at the ______
Nares
4 things mucous membrane does
- Secretes mucus
- Cleans air by trapping particles
- Helps moisturize the air
- Capillaries in membrane warm air
___________ sinuses aid in sound production and voice resonance
Paranasal
This is 5 inches long and is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Pharynx
The ________ are located in the pharynx and capture pathogens
Tonsils
The opening of the eustachian tube is in the ___________
Nasopharynx
This is a muscular structure made of cartilaginous plates between the pharynx and trachea
Larynx
The vocal cords(folds) make sound by vibrating as air passes through the _______
Glottis
The ____________ is an opening between the folds that prevents food and liquid from being inhaled into the lungs
Epiglottis
This is a tube composed of smooth muscle and cartilage rings
Trachea
This carries air from the larynx to the main bronchi and is lined with mucous membrane and cilia
Trachea
The distal end of the trachea divides into the left and right main ________
Bronchi
The narrowest branches are bronchioles and they terminate in _________
Alveoli
Each _______ is a total collection of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Lung
The outer, parietal pleura lines the ______ _______
Chest cavity
The inner, visceral pleura adheres to the ______ ________
Lung surface
The right lung has ___ lobes
3
The left lung has ___ lobes
2
When diaphragm contracts, it ________ thoracic volume and _______ thoracic pressure
Increase ; Decreases
__________ ________ assist by further enlarging the cavity
Intercostal muscles
When the diaphragm and intercostals relax, the thoracic cavity becomes ________ and its pressure _________
Smaller ; Increases
Unforced breaths are ________
Passive
Forced breaths are ________
Active
Respiratory rate is regulated by _______ ________ in the blood
Carbon dioxide
When the carbon dioxide level is high, breathing is rapid to _______ the waste
Expel
The average adult has about ___ liters of blood
5
What color is the blood cell erythrocytes?
Red
What color is the blood cell leukocytes?
White
What type is the blood cell thrombocytes?
Platelets
The production of blood cells which take place in the bone marrow
Hematopoiesis
Red blood cells and plasma _________ substances in the body
Transport
White blood cells fight __________
Infection
Thrombocytes are blood cells which ________ the blood clotting process
Initiate
About ____ of the blood is plasma
55%
These are eunucleated, bioncave disks
Eryhthrocytes
Pigment makes cells red, contains iron, responsible for transporting oxygen
Hemoglobin
These cells are spherical with a large nucleus
Leukocytes
These cells agglutinate at site of damage and release substances that contribute to coagulation
Thrombocytes
Blood with Rh factor proteins is Rh positive and ______ make anti-Rh antibodies
Doesn’t
Blood without Rh factor proteins is Rh negative, and ______ makes anti-Rh antibodies
Does
Rh positive blood has no antibodies and ______ attack Rh-negative blood
Can’t
Rh negative blood has antibodies and ______ attack Rh positive blood
Can
Universal donor
O-
Universal recipient
AB+
Clot in the arteries or capillaries feeding the lungs
PE (Pulmonary embolism)
Clot in the coronary arteries feeding the myocardium (heart muscle) causing muscle to die from lack of oxygen
Heart attack
A clot in the blood vessel in the brain that deprives the brain tissue of oxygen
Stroke
Clot that has traveled from its original site
Embol/o
Clot at its original site
Thromb/o
Body temperature is regulated by the __________
Hypothalamus
The normal, average temperature for adults is?
98.6
Tympanic thermometer measures the temperature on the _________
Eardrum
Temporal artery thermometers measure the temperature of arteries on either side of the ________
Head
A pulse located on the radial artery at the wrist
Radial
A pulse taken by using a stethoscope directly over heart
Apical
A pulse taken at either of the 2 main arteries on either side of the neck
Carotid
Average resting pulse rates per minute for teenagers
60-100bpm
Average resting pulse rates per minute for children
70-120bmp
Average resting pulse rates per minute for infants
120-160bpm
Breathing that sounds like snoring
Stertorous breathing
Unusually slow rate of breathing
Bradypnea
Difficult breathing is usually observed as shortness of breath
Dyspnea
Rapid, shallow breathing due to lungs only partially filling
Tachypnea
Systolic or Diastolic? Heart muscle contracts ; first heard beat
Systolic
Systolic or Diastolic? Heart muscle relaxes ; last heard beat
Diastolic
