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Health Science Theory > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When food hits the small intestine, the primary function is to absorb?

A

Nutrients

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2
Q

When food hits the large intestine, the primary function is to absorb?

A

Water

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3
Q

What’s the name of the cells that send and receive electrical signals throughout the body?

A

Neurons

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4
Q

Cells vary according to their specific?

A

Function

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5
Q

What body system helps remove and destroy waste products?

A

Lymphatic

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6
Q

What is the main organ of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys

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7
Q

What is the name of the body system that circulates blood throughout the body?

A

Cardiovascular system

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8
Q

What structure makes the bile?

A

Liver

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9
Q

What structure holds the bile?

A

Gall bladder

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10
Q

What connects bone to bone?

A

Ligaments

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11
Q

What covers the bones?

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

What are the organs of the musculoskeletal system(5)?

A

Muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage

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13
Q

What is the top layer of skin you can touch?

A

Epidermis (dead)

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14
Q

What is the layer of skin where everything happens?

A

Dermis (glands/follicles)

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15
Q

What is the deepest layer of skin?

A

Subcutaneous

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16
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system(4)?

A
  • Regulate temperature
  • Produce vitamin D from sunshine
  • Secrete small amount of waste products through sweat
  • Transmission of sensory information
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17
Q

What is it called when 2 or more organs come together to function?

A

Organ system

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18
Q

What is it called when 2 or more tissue types come together to function?

A

Organ

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19
Q

What are the components of the peripheal nervous system?

A

12 cranial nerves, but 31 pairs of spinal nerves

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20
Q

What are the 2 parts(systems) of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system(brain/spinal cord) and peripheal system

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21
Q

What are 3 organs that are apart of the nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves

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22
Q

Sensory system(aka 5 senses) are apart of what body system?

A

Nervous system

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23
Q

What are the 5 senses?

A

Smell, touch, taste, hearing, sight

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24
Q

All activity in the human body is controlled by?

A

Neurons throughout the body

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25
Q

What are the 6 chemicals(99%) that need to be present in the body?

A

Carbon, calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus (CCHONP)

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26
Q

What are the chemicals that make up the body(1%)?

A

Potassium, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, chlorine (PMSSC)

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27
Q

What are the organs of the respiratory system?

A

Lungs, nose, mouth, trachea, pharynx

28
Q

Where is the site of gas exchange?

A

Capillaries

29
Q

What moves blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

30
Q

What moves blood towards the heart?

A

Veins

31
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, veins, capillaries

32
Q

What are the organs(2) of the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart and blood vessels

33
Q

What is the definition of a vital organ?

A

An organ necessary to live

34
Q

Is the gallbladder a vital organ?

A

No

35
Q

What is the biles job?

A

To break down fat which produces energy

36
Q

What is the livers job?

A

To filter toxins out of blood and in digestive system and to make bile

37
Q

What are the 3 accessory organs of the digestive system?

A

Liver, pancreas, gall bladder

38
Q

Which gland secrets sweat?

A

Sudorifurous

39
Q

Which gland secrets oil?

A

Sebaceous

40
Q

What are the accessory organs of the integumentary system?

A

Hair(keratin), nails(keratin), and glands

41
Q

What is the largest organ of the body?

A

Skin(integumentary system)

42
Q

Which body system secretes hormones?

A

Endocrine

43
Q

What type of tissue allows the body to move?

A

Muscular

44
Q

What are the 4 tissue types?

A

Connective, epithelial, nervous, muscle

45
Q

What is associated with muscular tissue?

A
  • Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
  • Cardiac is found in the heart
  • Smooth lines inside places
46
Q

Between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, which is the only one that’s voluntary?

A

Skeletal

47
Q

What is associated with epithelial tissue?

A

It varies according to shape and number of tissues

48
Q

What is associated with connective tissue?

A

Blood, lungs, ligaments, tendons, cartilage

49
Q

What is associated with nervous tissue?

A

Neurons

50
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

51
Q

What are 5 basic things that a cell can do?

A
  • Reproduce
  • Produce energy
  • Eliminate waste
  • Maintain shape
  • Use oxygen/nutrients
52
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have in their DNA sequence?

A

46 in total, but there are 23 pairs

53
Q

What is the thread-like structure that’s found in the nucleus in most cells that contain genetic information?

A

Chromosomes

54
Q

What is the state of internal balance in the body?

A

Homeostasis

55
Q

What is the act of supplying oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide?

A

Respiration

56
Q

What is the study of the function of body systems?

A

Physiology

57
Q

What are densely packed fibers arranged in parallel construction called?

A

Collagen fibers

58
Q

What are chemicals secreted by glands that regulate body functions?

A

Hormones

59
Q

What is the study of the structure of the human body?

A

Anatomy

60
Q

What permeability is the cell membrane?

A

It is selectively permeable

61
Q

What are the building blocks of life?

A

Cells

62
Q

What is the process by which cells will vary according to their specific function?

A

Differentiation

63
Q

What is the ability to resist pathogens?

A

Immunity

64
Q

What is the outer layer called?

A

Cell membrane

65
Q

This could be located inside our outside and it makes anybody sick

A

Pathogens

Health Science Theory (5 decks)

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