Respiratory Framework

Question 1

Structures of the respiratory tract:

Answer 1

1. The lungs rest in an airtight cavity called the thoracic cavity.
2. The lungs connect to the outside world via trachea, larynx, pharynx, oral and nasal cavities.
   - the respiratory tract transmits the air to the organs of respiration, the lungs.
   - the larynx is the division between the upper and lower respiratory tracts.

Question 2

What does the upper respiratory tract include?

Answer 2

The oral cavity, nasal cavity, and pharyngeal cavity

Question 3

What does the lower respiratory tract include?

Answer 3

The larynx, trachea (windpipe), and lungs.

Question 4

What supports the respiratory framework?

Answer 4

The bony cage, bony thorax, that is apart of the skeletal system.

Question 5

What does the bony thorax include?

Answer 5

• vertebrae and vertebral column
• ribs and their attachments to the vertebral column
• the pectoral girdle: scapula and clavicle
• the pelvic girdle: ischium, pubic bone, sacrum, and ilium

Question 6

How many ribs are there and where do they attach? Think of ribs 1-10 and ribs 11-12.

Answer 6

12 ribs, point of attachment to the vertebral column

• ->ribs 1-10 attach to the sternum via costal cartilage
• ->11-12 are only attached posteriorly to the vertebral column.

Question 7

Pectoral girdle

Answer 7

1. Two clavicles (L and R collar bones)

2. Is important for shoulder and upper arm movement and attachment for respiration

Question 8

(Posterior) shoulder blades/scapula

Answer 8

L and R, only POA to bony thorax is the clavicle

Question 9

Pelvic girdle

Answer 9

1. Includes the ilium*, sacrum, pubic bone, and ischium

2. Provides support for the entire lower thoracic cavity

Question 10

Lungs

Answer 10

1. Housed within the thoracic cavity, deep to the rib cage

2. Encased in bone because of high importance, well protected.

Question 11

Where are the lungs housed?

Answer 11

Within the thoracic cavity

Question 12

Vertebral column

Answer 12

Is central to the body and has 33 segments of bone divided into 5 categories

Question 13

5 divisions of vertebral column:

Answer 13

1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Sacral
5. Coccygeal vertebrae

Question 14

Cervical

Answer 14

C1-C7 (I eat breakfast at 7)

Question 15

Thoracic

Answer 15

T1-T12 (eat lunch at noon)

Question 16

Lumbar

Answer 16

L1-L5 (eat dinner at 5)

Question 17

Sacral

Answer 17

S1-S5 (eat dinner at 5)

Question 18

Coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 18

Fused aka coccyx

Question 19

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 19

• form the basis for the respiratory framework
• posterior point of attachment, at the costovertebral joint, for the ribs of the bony thorax
• primary support for the thoracic cavity
• all of your ribs will join up with your vertebral column at your costovertebral joint (diarthrodial joint, gliding joint)

Question 20

Coccyx

Answer 20

Tail bone (3 fused vertebrae)

Question 21

Lumbar

Answer 21

• Important in lifting (stabilizing the thoracic cavity) and ambulation (walking)
• also provides direct or indirect attachment for abdominal muscles as well as the posterior fibers of the diaphragm–> important for respiration

Question 22

C1 or atlas

Answer 22

• The most superior portion of the vertebral column

- provides support for the skull, supports your head

Question 23

C2 or axis

Answer 23

• inferior to C1

- allows you to pivot or rotate your skull/head

Question 24

Ilium

Answer 24

• aka iliac crest
• feature of bone, allows some of the muscle from your stomach to attach
• provides support for the abdominal musculature

Question 25

Clavicle (paired, 2)

Answer 25

- attached to the superior sternum and courses laterally to meet up with the scapula - provides anterior support for the shoulder - lateral point of attachment to scapula

Question 26

Scapula (paired, 2)

Answer 26

- shoulder blades - has its only skeletal attachment to the (thoracic cavity) clavicle, which is attached to the sternum - provides point of attachment for several muscles that allow for flexible upper body movement and respiration and breathing.

Question 27

All ribs, except for the two most inferior ribs, are attached...

Answer 27

- anteriorly (1-10) to the sternum via costal cartilage costosternal joint--> allows the rib cage to move when we inhale and exhale. - all 12 ribs are capable of some degree of lateral rotation

Question 28

All ribs articulate...

Answer 28

Posteriorly to the vertebral column via the costovertebral and costotransverse joint. - they course anterolaterally to attach to the anterior aspect of the sternum

Question 29

Rib cage importance:

Answer 29

Provides attachment for many muscles that give strength, rigidity, continuity, and mobility to the rib cage

Question 30

True ribs

Answer 30

- ribs 1-7 | - articulate with the sternum via costal cartilage

Question 31

Costal cartilage

Answer 31

Allows the ribs to rotate superiority, laterally, and anteriorly during inhalation

Question 32

False ribs

Answer 32

- ribs 8-10 | - articulate with the sternum via costal cartilage

Question 33

Floating ribs

Answer 33

- ribs 11-12 | - articulate only with the vertebral column, no anterior POA

Question 34

4 parts of the ribs:

Answer 34

1. Head 2. Neck 3. Angle 4. Shaft

Question 35

Head

Answer 35

Articulates with the vertebral column

Question 36

Neck

Answer 36

Inferior to the head

Question 37

Angle

Answer 37

Point at which the ribs begin to course forward

Question 38

Shaft

Answer 38

The body of the rib

Question 39

5 parts of sternum

Answer 39

1. Manubrium sterni 2. Corpus or body 3. Sternal notch 4. Manubrosternal angle 5. Xiphoid process

Question 40

Manubrium sterni

Answer 40

Provides attachment for the clavicle and first rib at the articulate facet

Question 41

Manubrosternal angle

Answer 41

- where the second rib articulated with the sternum at the juncture of the manubrium and corpus - knot on mans neck tie

Question 42

Xiphoid process

Answer 42

- most inferior | - clinical marker for CPR

Question 43

The thorax is bound SUPERIORLY...

Answer 43

By the first rib and clavicle

Question 44

Where is the inferior boundary of the thorax?

Answer 44

The 12th rib

Question 45

The LATERAL and ANTERIOR aspects of the thorax are...

Answer 45

Bound by the ribs and the sternum

Question 46

The entire thorax is suspended by...

Answer 46

The vertebral column