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Anatomy And Physiology For The Speech And Hearing Impaired > Muscles Of Respiration > Flashcards

Muscles Of Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of exhalation only contract when…

A

you exhale/empty air out of the lungs

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2
Q

Major muscles:

A

The primary muscles involved in inhalation and exhalation. They make breathing happen.

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3
Q

Accessory muscles (assistants):

A

Serve to aid/support the major muscles during inhalation/exhalation

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4
Q

Origin (O):

A

Proximal end (closest to the body), or the end of the muscle that doesn’t move. It provides stability

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5
Q

Course (C):

A

The direction the muscle travels towards its place of insertion

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6
Q

Insertion (I):

A

The distal end of the muscle, or the end of the muscle that moves/gives movement to a structure

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7
Q

Function (F):

A

Tells what the muscle does when it is active. A muscle is only active when it contracts, when the muscle shortens.

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8
Q

Purpose of the muscles of inhalation:

A

To expand the rib cage, and therefore, the lungs –> breathe air into the lungs

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9
Q

Major muscles of inhalation: (2)

A
  1. Diaphragm

2. External intercostals (between the ribs, superior rib muscles)

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10
Q

Diaphragm

A
  1. Major muscle of inhalation
  2. Only active and only contracts during inhalation
  3. Doesn’t do anything during exhalation, sits just inferior to the lungs.
  4. Moves downward to allow thoracic cavity to expand and depresses the abdomen.
  5. Moves inferiorly during contraction, superiorly during exhalation.
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11
Q

Sternal portion of diaphragm: (O, C, I)

A

O: inferior and posterior portions of the xiphoid process
C: superior and medial
I: central tendon

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12
Q

Costal portion of diaphragm: (O, C, I)

A

O: lower border and inferior surface of ribs 7-12
C: superior and medial
I: central tendon

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13
Q

Vertebral portion of diaphragm: (O, C, I)

A

O: upper lumbar vertebrae by two large muscular pillars
C: superior and medial
I: central tendon

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14
Q

Action of the diaphragm:

A
  1. Contraction will pull the central tendon inferiorly and anteriorly
  2. Contraction will expand the thoracic cavity in the vertical dimension
  3. The pleural linkage pulls downward, pressure will decrease and air will flow in
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15
Q

External intercostals:

A

Course between the ribs. Fibers course inferiorly and medially to insert into the two ribs below. When they contract, they pull the rib cage up and out.

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16
Q

O, C, I, F of external intercostals

A

O: lower border of the superior rib
C: inferior and towards the sternum
I: upper border of the lower rib
F: lift rib cage upward and outward; expands the rib cage in an anterior-posterior dimension

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17
Q

Accessory muscles of inhalation: (8)

A
  1. Costal elevators
  2. Serratus posterior superior
  3. Pectoralis major (thoracic muscles)
  4. Pectoralis minor
  5. Subclavius
  6. Serratus anterior (arm and shoulder muscles)
  7. Sternocledomastoid
  8. Scalenes (neck muscles)
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18
Q

Costal (rib) elevators:

A

Posterior thoracic muscles (back muscles) that are found on the ribs that elevate the rib cage to fill the lungs with air

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19
Q

O, C, I, F of costal elevators:

A

O: vertebrae C7, T1-T11, rib muscles
C: inferior and lateral
I: posterior surface of rib below or two ribs below
F: elevate the rib cage

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20
Q

Serratus posterior superior:

A

Another upper back muscle. Sawlike. (Upper posterior thorax)

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21
Q

O, C, I, F of serratus posterior superior:

A

O: C7, T1-T3
C: inferior and lateral
I: ribs 2-5 near the angle
F: elevates ribs 2-5

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22
Q

Pectoralis major:

A
  • Pulls the sternum up and out of the ribs
  • anterior thoracic muscles (in the front, upper chest)
  • layered
  • attached to the pectoral girdle
  • also muscles of the upper arm and shoulder (large, fan-shaped muscle of upper anterior wall thorax)
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23
Q

O, C, I, F of pectoralis major

A

O: humerus of upper arm
C: inferior and medial
I: upper costal cartilages, sternum, and clavicle
F: with shoulder fixed, it will draw the sternum and ribs up OR rotate the arm

24
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Deep to pectoralis minor

25
Q

O, C, I, F of pectoralis minor:

A

O: anterior surface of the scapula
C: inferior and medial
I: anterior, into medial portion of ribs 3-5
F: with scapula fixed, it will lift ribs 3-5 OR extend the shoulder

26
Q

Subclavius

A

It is under the inferior aspect of each clavicle. It is a muscle of the shoulder and upper arm.

27
Q

O, C, I, F of subclavius

A

O: underside of clavicle, near scapula
C: slightly inferior and medial
I: junction of rib 1 and its cartilage
F: lifts or elevates rib 1 if the clavicle is stabilized

28
Q

Serratus anterior:

A

Sawlike muscle of the upper arm and shoulder, it will be found in the front.

29
Q

O, C, I, F of serratus anterior

A

O: anterior surface of scapula
C: anterior, around sides of thoracic cage
I: ribs 1-8 or 9 around costal cartilages
F: elevated ribs 8-9

30
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Course between the sternum, classified as a neck muscle

31
Q

O, C, I, F of sternocleidomastoid

A

O: bony skull, behind ear at mastoid process
C: inferior in two bundles
I: superior surface of clavicle and sternum
F: with head stabilized, elevates sternum and ribs OR with ribs flexed, flexes head

32
Q

Scalenes:

A

Neck muscles, along with sternocleidomastoid, help the major muscles of inhalation to expand or elevate the rib cage

33
Q

O, C, I, F of scalenes:

A

O: transverse process of C2-C7
C: downward and slightly lateral
I: ribs 1 and 2
F: raises first two ribs (1&2)

34
Q

Muscles of exhalation

A
  • function as a group (stomach muscles)
  • all are attached to the abdominal aponeurosis
  • all are responsible for trunk stability and movement as well as controlled exhalation
35
Q

Functions of the muscles of exhalation:

A
  1. Flex the vertebral column
  2. Support and enclose the abdominal contents
  3. Respiration
36
Q

During respiration, these major muscles of exhalation will:

A
  1. Compress the abdominal contents and draw the ribs down

2. Decrease the size of the thoracic cavity and increase intrathoracic pressure, forcing air out of the lungs

37
Q

Oblique muscles are better at:

A

Depressing the ribs

38
Q

Transverse abdominus and rectus abdominus are better at:

A

Compressing the abdomen

39
Q

External obliques:

A

Muscles on sides of abdomen, superficial to internal obliques

40
Q

O, C, I of external obliques:

A

O: iliac crest and aponeurosis
C: superior and lateral
I: ribs 5-12

41
Q

Internal obliques:

A

Middle layer of abdominal musculature; lies just deep to the external obliques

42
Q

O, C, I of internal obliques:

A

O: anterior 1/2 of iliac crest and inguinal ligament
C: fans out superiorly and medially
I: abdominal aponeurosis and inferior border of lower costal cartilages

43
Q

Rectus abdominus:

A

Almost completely enclosed in the aponeurosis

44
Q

O, C, I of rectus abdominus

A

O: front edge of pubic bone
C: superior and parallel to midline
I: cartilage of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process

45
Q

Transverse abdominus:

A
  • pushes down on abdomen

- deepest abdominal muscle

46
Q

O, C, I of transverse abdominus

A

O: lower 7 ribs and superior surface of coral bone
C: horizontally and anteriorly
I: abdominal aponeurosis

47
Q

5 accessory muscles of exhalation:

A
  1. Subcostals
  2. Internal intercostals
  3. Transverse thoracic
  4. Serratus posterior inferior
  5. Quadratic lumborum
48
Q

Subcostals

A

Run underneath the ribs (posterior)

49
Q

O, C, I, F of subcostals:

A

O: inner surface of ribs close to the vertebral column
C: superior and lateral
I: inner surface of 1 and 2 ribs above
F: depress the ribs

50
Q

Internal intercostals:

A

Lie deep to external intercostals, anterolateral thoracic muscles (front and side)

51
Q

O, C, I, F of internal intercostals:

A

O: superior border of each rib
C: superior and medial and right angle to the external intercostals
I: lower border of rib above
F: depress the ribs

52
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A

Back muscles

53
Q

O, C, I, F of serratus posterior inferior:

A

O: T11, T12, and L1-3
C: superior and lateral
I: lower border of ribs 8-12, just beyond the angle
F: depress the lower ribs

54
Q

Transverse thoracic:

A
  • Transversing thoracic cavity, anterior thoracic (chest wall) muscle
  • on inner surface of the thoracic wall
55
Q

O, C, I, F of transverse thoracic:

A

O: inner surface of sternum and costal cartilages 5-7
C: fans out superiorly and laterally
I: inner surface of ribs 2-6
F: depresses the ribs

56
Q

Quadratic lumborum:

A
  • very low back muscles

- flat sheet of muscle on the dorsal side of the abdominal wall

57
Q

O, C, I, F of quadratic lumborum:

A

O: iliac crest and inguinal ligament
C: superior
I: transverse process of L1-4 and lower border of rib 12
F: depress the last rib

Anatomy And Physiology For The Speech And Hearing Impaired (7 decks)

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