Respiration For Speech And Rest Breathing

Question 1

The lungs and inner thoracic wall are completely covered with…

Answer 1

A pleural lining that enables thoracic expansion during inhalation.

Question 2

Pleural linings

Answer 2

• completely covered the lungs and inner thoracic wall and enables thoracic expansion during inhalation.
• also provides an airtight seal that is required for the lungs to follow the movement of the thorax

Question 3

Visceral pleura covers…

Answer 3

Both lungs

Question 4

Parietal pleura covers or lines…

Answer 4

The thoracic cavity (inside the rib cage)

Question 5

Pleurae encase both…

Answer 5

Lungs and that thoracic cavity.

Question 6

Purpose of rest or quiet breathing

Answer 6

Breathing to stay alive

Question 7

One cycle of quiet breathing is comprised of…(inhalation vs exhalation)

Answer 7

• 40% inhalation and 60% exhalation

- inhalation is active, exhalation is passive

Question 8

Actions of one cycle of quiet inhalation: (4)

Answer 8

1. Muscle contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostals.
2. Thorax expands causing lungs to expand due to pleural linkage.
3. At the same time, the abdominal contents are compressed.
4. Muscles of inhalation gradually cease to be active.

Question 9

Outcome of one quiet cycle of inhalation: (4)

Answer 9

1. Increased dimensions of the the thorax in all planes:
   - upon contraction, the diaphragm moves inferiorly
   - anterior-superior: forward and upward movement of the sternum
   - anterior-lateral-superior: rotation of the rib cage
2. Air pressure in the lungs DECREASES, so air rushes in from the environment to equalize pressure: boyle’s law
3. Intra-abdominal pressure is elevated.
4. Inhalation stops and restoring forces (torque, gravity, elasticity) take over.

Question 10

Action of exhalation during one quiet cycle of exhalation: (2)

Answer 10

1. Upward force from abdominal contents against the diaphragm increases (boyle’s law)
2. Ribs and sternum that have been elevated now unwind

Question 11

Outcome of exhalation during one cycle of quiet breathing: (3)

Answer 11

1. Vertical dimension of the thorax is decreased, increasing pressure in the lungs
2. Anterior-posterior and transverse thoracic dimensions decrease, increasing the pressure in the lungs.
3. Movement of the entire rib cage in the inferior, medial, and posterior dimensions.

Question 12

Torque, elasticity, and gravity all work during…

Answer 12

Exhalation. You work against these forces during inhalation.

Question 13

Gravity is important for…

Answer 13

Posture and for efficiency of respiration.

Question 14

Supine, or laying on your back, gravity acts in…

Answer 14

Expiratory direction on both the rib cage and the abdomen. When supine, you work harder, against gravity, to breathe.

Question 15

Respiration for speech production (inhalation vs exhalation)

Answer 15

10% inhalation, 90% exhalation.

Question 16

Inhalation during speech

Answer 16

Inhalation is still active and involves the diaphragm and external intercostals. Inhalation is shorter and deeper than it is for rest breathing.
- muscles of inhalation are used to prevent the restoring forces of torque, gravity, and elasticity from collapsing that thoracic cavity.

Question 17

Exhalation during speech:

Answer 17

• also active
• muscular activity is used to control the flow of air so that exhalation during speech is slow, sustained, and long in duration.
• if additional airflow is needed, the muscles of exhalation may be activated to continue to compress the thoracic cavity and force the air out through the larynx.

Question 18

Respiration for speech is most efficient when…

Answer 18

Inhalation is short and then exhalation is long.

Question 19

Loudness/intensity is controlled by…

Answer 19

The activity level of the muscles of both inhalation and exhalation