Gas Laws Flashcards
What is respiration?
When air is taken into the lungs and then expelled out of the lungs by expansion of the thoracic cavity
Inspiration
Inhalation
Expiration
Exhale
Speech breathing
- Inhalation is active
- Exhalation is a passive process during rest breathing, but NOT DURING SPEECH BREATHING. The muscles of exhalation have to contract to breathe for speech.
Rest/quiet breathing
- Not doing anything. Watching tv, driving, just breathing in and out (breathing to stay alive, we don’t think about it).
- inhalation is active, the two major muscles are contracting.
Primary function of respiration:
Breathing to stay alive
Secondary function of respiration
Speech production
Properties of a gas
- pressure
- volume
- amount or quantity
Pressure
Force that is exerted by a gas against the walls of a container (the lungs)
Volume
Quantity or amount of gas that is present in the lungs
Boyle’s Law definition
States that the pressure of a gas is inversely related to its volume when temperature and amount are held constant. Pressure and volume are always inversely related.
Boyle’s law characteristics (3)
- When volume decreases, as during exhalation, pressure increases.
- When you inhale, you increase the volume of air in your lungs. As this volume increases, the pressure in your lungs will decrease or go down.
- During exhalation, pressure in your lungs increases and volume decreases.
Newton’s 3rd law of motion definition:
An unbalanced force acting on a body will cause an acceleration. In breathing, this unbalanced force is the difference in air pressure between sir in the lungs and air outside of the body.
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion characteristics: (4)
- Constant “tango” to equalize pressure
- Air will flow from a region of high pressure to a region of loan pressure
- It is what makes air move in (during inhalation) and out (during exhalation) of the lungs
- Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Process of inhalation
- The lungs expand due to muscular forces
- The pressure in the lungs decreases–> boyle’s law
- Air flows from the outside of the body, where pressure is higher, towards the lower pressure that is in the lungs–> newtons 3rd law of motion
Process of exhalation:
- Lung volume decreases to passive forces
- Pressure within the lungs increases–> boyle’s law
- Air flows from the higher pressure in the lungs to the outside, where pressure is lower–> newton’s 3rd law of motion
Torque
The force that will act upon a structure until it rotates–> twisting of something while one end is held stable
Torque during inhalation:
The cartilage of the ribs (where the ribs articulate with the sternum) is torqued until the ribs rotate anteriorly, superiorly, and laterally. One of the posterior ends of the ribs is held stable so the anterior end can move.
Elasticity
The ability of a structure to return to its normal shape after it has been shaped or compressed.
-tells you what the lungs do during breathing–> they stretch during inhalation and then they compress, returning to their original shape, during exhalation.
Gravity
The force that pulls structures back towards earth.
- during exhalation, gravity works to pull the lungs back to their original shape in the thoracic cavity or chest cavity.
- you work against gravity when you inhale.
