Respiratory Focused Flashcards
what is normal Ph
7.35-7.45
what is normal PaO2
80-100
what is normal PaCo2
35-45
what is normal HCO3
21-28
what is normal lactate - arterial
3-7
what is normal lactate - venous
5-20
what is allergic rhinitis
expsure to allergens like pollen, dander, mold
what are some things that can be done to help allergic rhinitis
avoid trigger, take meds, supportive care
what are some ss of allergic rhinitis
sneezy, watery eyes, rhinorrhea, congestion
what are some meds that could be used for allergic rhinitis
nasal corticosteriods - flonase
2nd gen antihistamines - lortadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine
what is upper respiratory infection - rhinitis
inflammation of the nose and sinuses, like a common cold
is upper respiratory infection - rhinitis acute or chronic
can be both - and exist with other disorders
is upper respiratory infection - rhinitis allergic or not allergic
can be both
what are some ss of upper respiratory infection - rhinitis
rhonorrhea, purlent drainage, sneeziy, dry sore throat, low grade fever, watery eyes, congestion
who is at risk for upper respiratory infection - rhinitis
really old or really young, recent exposure, not immunized, smoker, lung disease, immunocompromised
what meds are used for upper respiratory infection - rhinitis
decongestants - phenylephrine to decrease edema and antipyretic for fever
what are some other things that the patient could take to help with upper respiratory infection - rhinitis
echinacea, high vitamin C, and zinc
what is sinusitis
inflammation of one or more of the sinuses
what does swelling cause in sinusitits
swelling and inflammation blocks drainage and leads to infection
what does sinusitits occur after
rhinitits
what are some ss of sinusitits
nasal congestion, headache, facial pressure, cough, bloody drainage, tender sinuses, low grade fever
what are some meds that could be used for sinusitits
decongestions like phenylephrine, antipyretic for fever, antibotics like amoxicillin, pain relievers like NSAIDs, Acetominophen, Asprin
what are the risks for getting sinusitis
deviated septum, nasal polyps, cocaine use, facial trauma, dental infection, immunocompromised
what are some things you can do to help with sinustitis
encourage rest, humidified air, increase fluids, decrease swimming/air travel/driving, stop smoking, sinus irrgation
what is a complication of sinusitis
Meningitis
what kind of infection is infuenza
viral infection
when are you contagious with the flu
24 hours before and 5 days after
what are some ss of the flu
severe headache, muscle aches, chills, weakness/fatigue, fever
what are some specific ss of avian flu
severe diarrhea, cough, hypoxia
what are some things you can do to help someone with the flu
encourage rest, droplet precautions, sailne gargles, give fluids, monitor respiratory,
who is at risk for the flu
history of pneumonia, over 65, healthcare workers
what are some meds that are used for the flu
antivirals that end in vir vinvir and tadine
how soon do you need to take antiviral treatment
within 24-49 hours of symptom onset
how do you diagnose the flu
AV advantage A/H5N1 flu test
what is bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi
what are some ss of bronchitis
cough up to 3 weeks, clear sputum, headache, fever, hoarseness, myalgia, chest pain, dyspnea
what are some meds you could use for bronchitis
cough suppressants, antipyretic, beta 2 agonist like albuterol, antibiotic if prolonged over 3 weeks with purulent drainage
what are the risks for bronchitis
air pollution/dust/chemical inhalation, smoking, sinusitis, asthma
how do you diagnose bronchitis
chest x ray
what are some interventions/education you can do for bronchitis
increase fluids, stop smoking, ambulate, prevent pneumonia
what happens with pneumonia
excess fluid in the lungs = decrease gas exchange
what are some ss of pneumonia
anxiety, fatigue, weakness, chest discomfort, fever, chills, diaphoresis, tachypnea, plurtic chest pain (sharp), yellow/blood tinged sputum, crackles/wheezes, decrease O2 sats
what are some interventions you can do for pneumonia
high fowlers, breathing treatments, O2 therapy, increase fluids, rest (cluster care), reassure client
what are some bronchodilators used for pneumonia
to decrease bronchospasms and irritation - beta 2 agonist = albuterol, Anticholinergics = ipratopium
what does the med ipratopium cause
dehydration so increase fluids and suck on hard candy
what are some complications for pneumonia
atelectasis, bacterium (sepsis), acute respiratory distress syndrome
what are the risks for pneumonia
older, smoking, recent respiratory infection, immunocompromised, decrease LOC, lack of vaccines, immobility, chronic diseases
how do you diagnosis pneumonia
CBC, culture and sensitivty, ABD, blood culture, electrolytes, chest x ray, pulse ox
what are some antibiotics used for pneumonia and what is the teaching involved
penicillin and cephalosporins - take with food start IV then PO
what are some ss of TB
cough over 3 weeks, night sweats, blood tinged sputum, weight loss, low grade fever in the afternoon
what are some interventions used for TB
negative air flow pressure, N95, heated/humidified air,
what kind of nutrition is promoted for TB
high in calories/protein/iron/vitamin B and C
what are the meds used for TB and what do they all cause
Isoniazide (INF), Rifampin, Pyrazinamide (PZA), and Ethambutol - hepatoxicity
what can Isoniazide cause and how can you prevent it
neurotoxic - B6
what is the teaching involved for rifampin
turns body fluids orange, inhibits contraceptives
what is the teaching for ethambutol
occulartoxic
what are the test that confirm TB
chest x ray and acid fast bacilli
