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Med Surg Exam 2 > Respiratory Focused > Flashcards

Respiratory Focused Flashcards

1
Q

what is normal Ph

A

7.35-7.45

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2
Q

what is normal PaO2

A

80-100

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3
Q

what is normal PaCo2

A

35-45

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4
Q

what is normal HCO3

A

21-28

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5
Q

what is normal lactate - arterial

A

3-7

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6
Q

what is normal lactate - venous

A

5-20

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7
Q

what is allergic rhinitis

A

expsure to allergens like pollen, dander, mold

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8
Q

what are some things that can be done to help allergic rhinitis

A

avoid trigger, take meds, supportive care

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9
Q

what are some ss of allergic rhinitis

A

sneezy, watery eyes, rhinorrhea, congestion

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10
Q

what are some meds that could be used for allergic rhinitis

A

nasal corticosteriods - flonase
2nd gen antihistamines - lortadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine

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11
Q

what is upper respiratory infection - rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose and sinuses, like a common cold

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12
Q

is upper respiratory infection - rhinitis acute or chronic

A

can be both - and exist with other disorders

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13
Q

is upper respiratory infection - rhinitis allergic or not allergic

A

can be both

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14
Q

what are some ss of upper respiratory infection - rhinitis

A

rhonorrhea, purlent drainage, sneeziy, dry sore throat, low grade fever, watery eyes, congestion

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15
Q

who is at risk for upper respiratory infection - rhinitis

A

really old or really young, recent exposure, not immunized, smoker, lung disease, immunocompromised

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16
Q

what meds are used for upper respiratory infection - rhinitis

A

decongestants - phenylephrine to decrease edema and antipyretic for fever

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17
Q

what are some other things that the patient could take to help with upper respiratory infection - rhinitis

A

echinacea, high vitamin C, and zinc

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18
Q

what is sinusitis

A

inflammation of one or more of the sinuses

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19
Q

what does swelling cause in sinusitits

A

swelling and inflammation blocks drainage and leads to infection

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20
Q

what does sinusitits occur after

A

rhinitits

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21
Q

what are some ss of sinusitits

A

nasal congestion, headache, facial pressure, cough, bloody drainage, tender sinuses, low grade fever

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22
Q

what are some meds that could be used for sinusitits

A

decongestions like phenylephrine, antipyretic for fever, antibotics like amoxicillin, pain relievers like NSAIDs, Acetominophen, Asprin

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23
Q

what are the risks for getting sinusitis

A

deviated septum, nasal polyps, cocaine use, facial trauma, dental infection, immunocompromised

24
Q

what are some things you can do to help with sinustitis

A

encourage rest, humidified air, increase fluids, decrease swimming/air travel/driving, stop smoking, sinus irrgation

25
what is a complication of sinusitis
Meningitis
26
what kind of infection is infuenza
viral infection
27
when are you contagious with the flu
24 hours before and 5 days after
28
what are some ss of the flu
severe headache, muscle aches, chills, weakness/fatigue, fever
29
what are some specific ss of avian flu
severe diarrhea, cough, hypoxia
30
what are some things you can do to help someone with the flu
encourage rest, droplet precautions, sailne gargles, give fluids, monitor respiratory,
31
who is at risk for the flu
history of pneumonia, over 65, healthcare workers
32
what are some meds that are used for the flu
antivirals that end in vir vinvir and tadine
33
how soon do you need to take antiviral treatment
within 24-49 hours of symptom onset
34
how do you diagnose the flu
AV advantage A/H5N1 flu test
35
what is bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi
36
what are some ss of bronchitis
cough up to 3 weeks, clear sputum, headache, fever, hoarseness, myalgia, chest pain, dyspnea
37
what are some meds you could use for bronchitis
cough suppressants, antipyretic, beta 2 agonist like albuterol, antibiotic if prolonged over 3 weeks with purulent drainage
38
what are the risks for bronchitis
air pollution/dust/chemical inhalation, smoking, sinusitis, asthma
39
how do you diagnose bronchitis
chest x ray
40
what are some interventions/education you can do for bronchitis
increase fluids, stop smoking, ambulate, prevent pneumonia
41
what happens with pneumonia
excess fluid in the lungs = decrease gas exchange
42
what are some ss of pneumonia
anxiety, fatigue, weakness, chest discomfort, fever, chills, diaphoresis, tachypnea, plurtic chest pain (sharp), yellow/blood tinged sputum, crackles/wheezes, decrease O2 sats
43
what are some interventions you can do for pneumonia
high fowlers, breathing treatments, O2 therapy, increase fluids, rest (cluster care), reassure client
44
what are some bronchodilators used for pneumonia
to decrease bronchospasms and irritation - beta 2 agonist = albuterol, Anticholinergics = ipratopium
45
what does the med ipratopium cause
dehydration so increase fluids and suck on hard candy
46
what are some complications for pneumonia
atelectasis, bacterium (sepsis), acute respiratory distress syndrome
47
what are the risks for pneumonia
older, smoking, recent respiratory infection, immunocompromised, decrease LOC, lack of vaccines, immobility, chronic diseases
48
how do you diagnosis pneumonia
CBC, culture and sensitivty, ABD, blood culture, electrolytes, chest x ray, pulse ox
49
what are some antibiotics used for pneumonia and what is the teaching involved
penicillin and cephalosporins - take with food start IV then PO
50
what are some ss of TB
cough over 3 weeks, night sweats, blood tinged sputum, weight loss, low grade fever in the afternoon
51
what are some interventions used for TB
negative air flow pressure, N95, heated/humidified air,
52
what kind of nutrition is promoted for TB
high in calories/protein/iron/vitamin B and C
53
what are the meds used for TB and what do they all cause
Isoniazide (INF), Rifampin, Pyrazinamide (PZA), and Ethambutol - hepatoxicity
54
what can Isoniazide cause and how can you prevent it
neurotoxic - B6
55
what is the teaching involved for rifampin
turns body fluids orange, inhibits contraceptives
56
what is the teaching for ethambutol
occulartoxic
57
what are the test that confirm TB
chest x ray and acid fast bacilli

Med Surg Exam 2 (8 decks)

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