Focused HF Flashcards
what are some conditions that directly harm the heart
HTN, CAD (MI), inflammatory heart conditions, congenital defects, cardiomyopathy, postpartum, substance abuse, hypertrophic
what are some conditions that increase the workload of the heart
sepsis, thyrotoxins, dysrhythmias, obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary embolism, hypervolemia
what does an echocardiogram
shows ejection fraction, heart chambers, can tell the difference between systolic and diastolic
what does FACES
fatigue, activity limitation, chest congestion/cough, edema, SOB
what levels increase with worsening HF
BNP and proBNP
what are some complications from HF
pleural effusions, dysrhythmias, LV thrombus, hepatomegaly, renal failure
what is the smaller form of dialysis used for fluid overload when they are resistant to diuretics
ultrafiltration
what disorders get a heart transplant
refractory end stage HF, inoperable CAD, cardiomyopathy
what are the names of the immunosuppresants people are on after a transplant
predisone, cyclosporine, myophenolate mofetil
how can you diagnosis cardiogenic shock with BP
systolic less then 90 over 30 min
what is capillary wedge pressure for cardiogenic shock
over 15
what is the cardiac index level for cardiogenic shock
less then 2.2
what 2 drugs are used for patients with inadequate tissue perfusion and adequate intravascular volume
intropic and/or vasopressors
what are some meds that inhibit the RAAS
ACE,ARBs, Entrstochew aldosetrone antagonist
what are some causes for systolic HF
impaired contractility, increased afterload (HTN), cardiomyopathy mechanical abnormalities
what kind of meds are used to fight the compensatory mech for heart overload
betablockers, diuretics (lasix and bumex), positive inotropes (digoxin)
what are some causes of diastolic HF
LV hypertrophy (from HTN), older age, DM, obesity
what impalntation is reccommended for someone with LV dysfunction
cardioverted defib - because they are the most at risk for sudden cardiac death
what are the ss of Left sided HF
noctural dyspnea, increase pulmonary wedge pressure, restlessness, increased HR, cyanosis, cough, crackles, blood tinged sputum, confusion
what are some ss of right sided HF
fatigue, increased peripheral venous pressure ascites, enlarged liver and spleen, distended jugular veins, weight gain dependent edema
what is the progression of acute decomensated HF
increased pulmonary venous pressure, interstitial edema, alveolar edema
what are some meds used for acute decomensated HF
diuretics, vasodilators, morphine (decrease preload and afterload), positive intropes, b-agonist
what are some b agonists meds
dopamine, dobutamine, norepinephrine, levophed
what should you stop if someone is acutely decomensated
beta blockers
what are some ss of acute decomensated HF
suddent onset of HF - most common is pulmonary edema
