Focused HF

Question 1

what are some conditions that directly harm the heart

Answer 1

HTN, CAD (MI), inflammatory heart conditions, congenital defects, cardiomyopathy, postpartum, substance abuse, hypertrophic

Question 2

what are some conditions that increase the workload of the heart

Answer 2

sepsis, thyrotoxins, dysrhythmias, obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary embolism, hypervolemia

Question 3

what does an echocardiogram

Answer 3

shows ejection fraction, heart chambers, can tell the difference between systolic and diastolic

Question 4

what does FACES

Answer 4

fatigue, activity limitation, chest congestion/cough, edema, SOB

Question 5

what levels increase with worsening HF

Answer 5

BNP and proBNP

Question 6

what are some complications from HF

Answer 6

pleural effusions, dysrhythmias, LV thrombus, hepatomegaly, renal failure

Question 7

what is the smaller form of dialysis used for fluid overload when they are resistant to diuretics

Answer 7

ultrafiltration

Question 8

what disorders get a heart transplant

Answer 8

refractory end stage HF, inoperable CAD, cardiomyopathy

Question 9

what are the names of the immunosuppresants people are on after a transplant

Answer 9

predisone, cyclosporine, myophenolate mofetil

Question 10

how can you diagnosis cardiogenic shock with BP

Answer 10

systolic less then 90 over 30 min

Question 11

what is capillary wedge pressure for cardiogenic shock

Answer 11

over 15

Question 12

what is the cardiac index level for cardiogenic shock

Answer 12

less then 2.2

Question 13

what 2 drugs are used for patients with inadequate tissue perfusion and adequate intravascular volume

Answer 13

intropic and/or vasopressors

Question 14

what are some meds that inhibit the RAAS

Answer 14

ACE,ARBs, Entrstochew aldosetrone antagonist

Question 15

what are some causes for systolic HF

Answer 15

impaired contractility, increased afterload (HTN), cardiomyopathy mechanical abnormalities

Question 16

what kind of meds are used to fight the compensatory mech for heart overload

Answer 16

betablockers, diuretics (lasix and bumex), positive inotropes (digoxin)

Question 17

what are some causes of diastolic HF

Answer 17

LV hypertrophy (from HTN), older age, DM, obesity

Question 18

what impalntation is reccommended for someone with LV dysfunction

Answer 18

cardioverted defib - because they are the most at risk for sudden cardiac death

Question 19

what are the ss of Left sided HF

Answer 19

noctural dyspnea, increase pulmonary wedge pressure, restlessness, increased HR, cyanosis, cough, crackles, blood tinged sputum, confusion

Question 20

what are some ss of right sided HF

Answer 20

fatigue, increased peripheral venous pressure ascites, enlarged liver and spleen, distended jugular veins, weight gain dependent edema

Question 21

what is the progression of acute decomensated HF

Answer 21

increased pulmonary venous pressure, interstitial edema, alveolar edema

Question 22

what are some meds used for acute decomensated HF

Answer 22

diuretics, vasodilators, morphine (decrease preload and afterload), positive intropes, b-agonist

Question 23

what are some b agonists meds

Answer 23

dopamine, dobutamine, norepinephrine, levophed

Question 24

what should you stop if someone is acutely decomensated

Answer 24

beta blockers

Question 25

what are some ss of acute decomensated HF

Answer 25

suddent onset of HF - most common is pulmonary edema