respiratory failure

Question 1

what is the drive for breathing?

Answer 1

medulla receptor, respond to CO2 and pH

Question 2

what is the equation for [A-a]O2 gradient?

Answer 2

= [(FiO2) x (Patmos – PH2O) – (PaCO2 / RQ) – PaO2]

Question 3

what could cause low oxygen delivery?

Answer 3

altitude, hypobaric chamber

Question 4

what could cause airways obstruction?

Answer 4

asthma, COPD

Question 5

what could causes diffusion limitation?

Answer 5

lung fibrosis, asbestosis

Question 6

what could cause ventilation/perfusion mismatch?

Answer 6

pneumonia
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary hypertension

Question 7

what could cause alveolar hypoventilation?

Answer 7

emphysema
muscular weakness (MND)
reduced respiratory drive (opiates)
obesity

Question 8

what might cause T2 resp failure?

Answer 8

airways obstruction (asthma, COPD)
alveolar hypoventilation emphysema
muscular weakness (MND)
reduced respiratory drive (opiates)
obesity)

Question 9

what is type 1 resp failure?

Answer 9

low oxygen, low or normal CO2, normal HCO3

Question 10

what can cause T1 resp failure?

Answer 10

pneumonia, pulmomnary embolism

Question 11

what is type 2 resp failure?

Answer 11

low oxygen
high CO2
high HCO3, normal is acute