mock questions

Question 1

what is given in a severe acute asthma attack?

Answer 1

Salbutamol, Ipratropium Bromide Nebuliser, Oral Prednisolone or IV Hydrocortisone

Question 2

what is given after SABA and ICS to treat asthma?

Answer 2

LTRA - Montelukast

Question 3

what shows good asthma control?

Answer 3

No night-time symptoms, Inhaler used no more than three times per week, No breathing difficulties, cough or wheeze on most days, Able to exercise without symptoms, Normal lung function test

Question 4

what puts someone at risk on contracting TB?

Answer 4

immunosupression, IV drug use, homelessness, alcoholic, close contact with infected individuals

Question 5

what causes join pain in TB treatment?

Answer 5

pyrazinamide

Question 6

what causes a change in urine colour in TB treatment?

Answer 6

rifampicin

Question 7

how is pulmonary oedema treated?

Answer 7

high flow oxygen, IV furosemide, IV morphine, GTN, urgent CXR

Question 8

how should a comfirmed PE be treated?

Answer 8

DOAC - apixaban

Question 9

how do LAMAs work?

Answer 9

blocking acetylcholine receptors, sopping contraction of smooth muscle

Question 10

what electrolyte disturbance is common with sarcoidosis

Answer 10

hypercalcaemia

Question 11

how is von willebrand disease inherited?

Answer 11

autosomal dominant

Question 12

what should you give someone with COPD who is not responding to SABA?

Answer 12

LABA, ICS if known steroid responsive

Question 13

what gene mutation is present in CF?

Answer 13

transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutation
CFTR gene, CFTR protein
F508 deletion of chromosome 7

Question 14

what is the most common type of lung cancer?

Answer 14

adenocarcinoma

Question 15

what is tree-in-bud sign?

Answer 15

multiple centrilobar nodules arranged in a linear branching pattern, indicates atypical pneumonia, bronchiolitis or aspiration pneumonitis

Question 16

what is bronchus sign?

Answer 16

airway leading directly to a peripheral lung nodule or mass, indicative of bronchogenic cancer

Question 17

what is polo-mint sign?

Answer 17

partial filling defect in a blood vessel surrounded by a rim contrast material in a CT angiogram, indicative of PE

Question 18

what is split pleural sign?

Answer 18

contrast enhancement of parietal or visceral pleura separated by an exudative effusion, indicative of empyema, malignant effusions

Question 19

what is signet ring sign?

Answer 19

prominently dilated airway compared to accompanying vessel, indicative of bronchiectasis

Question 20

what is the most common cause of hospital acquired pneumonia?

Answer 20

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 21

what gender, age group and weight are most likely to suffer from a spontaneous pneumothroax?

Answer 21

young males with low BMI

Question 22

were should needle thoracostomy go?

Answer 22

in the 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line on the same side as the pneumothorax.

Question 23

what would be seen in a pneumothorax?

Answer 23

Tracheal deviation away from the affected lung, hypotension and hypoxia

Question 24

what is the mmHg in pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 24

25

Question 25

what can be seen on CXR of someone with pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 25

Enlargement of the pulmonary arteries, - Lucent lung fields, - Enlarged right atrium, - Elevated cardiac apex due to right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 26

what causes pulmonary effusion with exudate?

Answer 26

Malignancy (lung, breast, mesothelioma), - Infection (lung, pleural, abdominal), - Inflammatory (RA, SLE), - Pulmonary embolism, - Benign asbestos related, - Traumatic (haemothorax/chylothorax), - Drug reaction

Question 27

what stain is used in TB?

Answer 27

ziehl-neelson stain

Question 28

what is used to treat pneumonia with a CURB65 score of 2?

Answer 28

hospital admission, amoxcillin, clarithromycin

Question 29

what are the clinical features of bronchiectasis?

Answer 29

Persistent cough, - Purulent sputum (but some patients may have a non-productive cough, - Clubbing, - Dyspnoea . - No history of smoking + young age of onset = raises suspicion of BE, - Haemoptysis, - Recurrent pulmonary infections

Question 30

what is extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

Answer 30

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Question 31

what causes asthma symptoms?

Answer 31

Inflammation of mucosa, Smooth muscle contraction leading to bronchoconstriction, Increased mucus production

Question 32

how is CF tested for?

Answer 32

sweat test, genetic testing, heel prick test for newborns

Question 33

what is the treatment for pneumonia with a CURB65 score of 1?

Answer 33

amoxcillin in the community

Question 34

what are the signs of emphysema?

Answer 34

barrel-chest and hyperinflated lungs

Question 35

what would cause lower zone fibrosis?

Answer 35

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Question 36

what would cause upper zone

Answer 36

sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, silicosis and ankylosing spondylitis

Question 37

what is obstructive lung disease described as?

Answer 37

FEV1/FVC ratio <70% FEV1 <0.8 of predicated value

Question 38

what would be seen on the chest x-ray of someone with COPD?

Answer 38

hyperinflation, bullae, flat hemidiaphragm, barrel chest

Question 39

what is the single most important intervention in COPD treatment?

Answer 39

smoking cessation

Question 40

what is the type of pneumonia caused by air conditioning units?

Answer 40

legionella pneumophilia

Question 41

what is the type of pneumonia infecting people with HIV?

Answer 41

pneumocystitis jirovecii

Question 42

what lifestyle advice would you give someone with CF?

Answer 42

``` → No Smoking → Regular flu vaccination → High Calorie High Fat Diet → Exercise regularly → Wash hands often to lower risk of infection → Do chest physiotherapy ```