mock questions Flashcards
what is given in a severe acute asthma attack?
Salbutamol, Ipratropium Bromide Nebuliser, Oral Prednisolone or IV Hydrocortisone
what is given after SABA and ICS to treat asthma?
LTRA - Montelukast
what shows good asthma control?
No night-time symptoms, Inhaler used no more than three times per week, No breathing difficulties, cough or wheeze on most days, Able to exercise without symptoms, Normal lung function test
what puts someone at risk on contracting TB?
immunosupression, IV drug use, homelessness, alcoholic, close contact with infected individuals
what causes join pain in TB treatment?
pyrazinamide
what causes a change in urine colour in TB treatment?
rifampicin
how is pulmonary oedema treated?
high flow oxygen, IV furosemide, IV morphine, GTN, urgent CXR
how should a comfirmed PE be treated?
DOAC - apixaban
how do LAMAs work?
blocking acetylcholine receptors, sopping contraction of smooth muscle
what electrolyte disturbance is common with sarcoidosis
hypercalcaemia
how is von willebrand disease inherited?
autosomal dominant
what should you give someone with COPD who is not responding to SABA?
LABA, ICS if known steroid responsive
what gene mutation is present in CF?
transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutation
CFTR gene, CFTR protein
F508 deletion of chromosome 7
what is the most common type of lung cancer?
adenocarcinoma
what is tree-in-bud sign?
multiple centrilobar nodules arranged in a linear branching pattern, indicates atypical pneumonia, bronchiolitis or aspiration pneumonitis
what is bronchus sign?
airway leading directly to a peripheral lung nodule or mass, indicative of bronchogenic cancer
what is polo-mint sign?
partial filling defect in a blood vessel surrounded by a rim contrast material in a CT angiogram, indicative of PE
what is split pleural sign?
contrast enhancement of parietal or visceral pleura separated by an exudative effusion, indicative of empyema, malignant effusions
what is signet ring sign?
prominently dilated airway compared to accompanying vessel, indicative of bronchiectasis
what is the most common cause of hospital acquired pneumonia?
pseudomonas aeruginosa
what gender, age group and weight are most likely to suffer from a spontaneous pneumothroax?
young males with low BMI
were should needle thoracostomy go?
in the 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line on the same side as the pneumothorax.
what would be seen in a pneumothorax?
Tracheal deviation away from the affected lung, hypotension and hypoxia
what is the mmHg in pulmonary hypertension?
25
what can be seen on CXR of someone with pulmonary hypertension?
Enlargement of the pulmonary arteries, - Lucent lung fields, - Enlarged right atrium, - Elevated cardiac apex due to right ventricular hypertrophy
what causes pulmonary effusion with exudate?
Malignancy (lung, breast, mesothelioma), - Infection (lung, pleural, abdominal), - Inflammatory (RA, SLE), - Pulmonary embolism, - Benign asbestos related, - Traumatic (haemothorax/chylothorax), - Drug reaction
what stain is used in TB?
ziehl-neelson stain
what is used to treat pneumonia with a CURB65 score of 2?
hospital admission, amoxcillin, clarithromycin
what are the clinical features of bronchiectasis?
Persistent cough, - Purulent sputum (but some patients may have a non-productive cough, - Clubbing, - Dyspnoea . - No history of smoking + young age of onset = raises suspicion of BE, - Haemoptysis, - Recurrent pulmonary infections
what is extrinsic allergic alveolitis?
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
what causes asthma symptoms?
Inflammation of mucosa, Smooth muscle contraction leading to bronchoconstriction, Increased mucus production
how is CF tested for?
sweat test, genetic testing, heel prick test for newborns
what is the treatment for pneumonia with a CURB65 score of 1?
amoxcillin in the community
what are the signs of emphysema?
barrel-chest and hyperinflated lungs
what would cause lower zone fibrosis?
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
what would cause upper zone
sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, silicosis and ankylosing spondylitis
what is obstructive lung disease described as?
FEV1/FVC ratio <70% FEV1 <0.8 of predicated value
what would be seen on the chest x-ray of someone with COPD?
hyperinflation, bullae, flat hemidiaphragm, barrel chest
what is the single most important intervention in COPD treatment?
smoking cessation
what is the type of pneumonia caused by air conditioning units?
legionella pneumophilia
what is the type of pneumonia infecting people with HIV?
pneumocystitis jirovecii
what lifestyle advice would you give someone with CF?
→ No Smoking → Regular flu vaccination → High Calorie High Fat Diet → Exercise regularly → Wash hands often to lower risk of infection → Do chest physiotherapy
