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Examination findings > Respiratory exam signs > Flashcards

Respiratory exam signs Flashcards

1
Q

What might cachexia on resp exam mean?

A
  • Malignancy
  • Emphysema
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2
Q

What might a cushingoid appearance on respiratory examination indicate?

A

Steroid use

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3
Q

What might be a respiratory cause of speech abnormalities?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy

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4
Q

What might cause stridor?

A

Large airway obstruction

  • Foreign body
  • Mediastinal mass/carcinoma
  • Retrosternal thyroid
  • Anaphylaxis
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5
Q

What might gurgling indicate on respiratory examination?

A

Resp secretions

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6
Q

What might a fine trmor in the hand in a patient with a respiraotry condition indicate?

A

B2 agonist use

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7
Q

What might a flapping tremor in someone with a respiratory condition indicate?

A

CO2 retention

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8
Q

What might sweaty/warm/clammy hands indicate?

A

CO retention

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9
Q

What are causes of finger clubbing?

A
  • Cyanotic heart disease
  • Lung causes
    • Abscess
    • Bronchiectasis
    • CF
    • Don’t say COPD
    • Empyema
    • Fibrosis
    • TB
    • Mesothelioma
  • Ulcerative colitis + Crohn’s
  • Bronchogenic carcinoma
  • Billiary cirrhosis
  • Infective endocarditis - subacute
  • Neoplasm
  • Gastrointestinal malabsorption syndrome(Coeliac disease)
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10
Q

What might tachycardia represent in asthma/COPD/infection/PE?

A

Hypoxia

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11
Q

What might a bounding pulse indicate?

A

CO retention

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12
Q

What might cause a plethoric face in a respiratory patient?

A
  • COPD - secondary polycythaemia
  • Cushing’s syndrome
  • SVC obstruction
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13
Q

What might cause telangiectasia/microstomia in a respiratory patient?

A

Systmeic sclerosis

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14
Q

What might cause a butterfly rash in a respiratory patient?

A

SLE

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15
Q

What might cause the following in a respiratory patient?

A

Lupus pernio - Sarcoidosis

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16
Q

What might cause the following in a respiratory patient?

A

Lupus vulgaris - TB

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17
Q

What would you look for in the neck on a respiratory examination?

A
  • JVP height
  • Tracheal deviation
  • Cricosternal distance/tracheal tug
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18
Q

When might JVP be raised in a respiratory patient?

A

Cor pulmonale

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19
Q

WHich side does can the trachea deviate in a pneumothorax?

A

Contralateral side

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20
Q

What side might the trachea deviate in lung collapse

A

Ipsilateral side

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21
Q

What might cause pectus carinatum in a respiratory patient?

A

Childhood resp disease

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22
Q

What might a barrel chest indicate in a respiratory patient?

A
  • Asthma
  • COPD
23
Q

What can cause asymmetrical chest movement indicate?

A
  • Fibrosis
  • Collapsed lung
  • Pneumonectomy
  • Pleural effusion
  • Pneumothorax
24
Q

What might generalised in-drawing intercostal muscles indicate?

A

Hyperinflation

25
Q

What might cause localised in-drawing of intercostal muscles?

A

Bronchial obstruction

26
Q

What might a dull percussion note indicate on percussion of a chest?

A

Consolidation or collapse

27
Q

What might stony dull percussion indicate on percussion?

A

Pleural effusion

28
Q

What might cause a hyperresonat chest indicate on percussion?

A

Increased air space - pneumothorax or emphysema

29
Q

What might increased vocal resonance indicate?

A

Consolidation

30
Q

What might decreased resonance indicate?

A

Effusion/pneumothorax

31
Q

What are causes of decreased air entry on auscultation?

A
  • Emphysema
  • Pneumothorax
  • Pleural effusion
  • Collapse
32
Q

What might cause a wheeze on auscultation?

A
  • Asthma
  • COPD
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Cardiac wheeze
33
Q

What might cause fine inspiratory crackles?

A

Pulmonary oedema

34
Q

What might cause fine end-inspiratory crackles?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

35
Q

What might cause bronchial breathing on auscultation?

A

Consolidation

36
Q

What might cause a plerual rub?

A
  • Pleurisy
  • PE
  • PLeural malignancy
  • Pneumonia
37
Q

What would you check for in the legs in a respiratory exam?

A
  • Oedema - cor pulmonale
  • Swelling/tender - DVT
38
Q

How would you complete a respiratory exam?

A
  • Look at observations
  • Perform peak flow if asthmatic
39
Q

What are signs of pulmonary fibrosis?

A
  • Oxygen therapy
  • Dry cough
  • Tachypnoea
  • Reduced expansion
  • Clubbing
  • Fine end-expiratory crackles
40
Q

What else would you looked for if you saw signs of pulmonary fibrosis?

A
  • Signs of aetiology
  • Signs of complications - Steroid use (cushingoid), loud P2/RV (cor pulmonale)
41
Q

What are signs of aetiology of pulmonary fibrosis?

A
  • Hand deformity - RA
  • Clubbing - IPF
  • Clerodactyly/telangiectasia - Slceroderma
  • Butterfly rash - SLE
  • Lupus pernio - Sarcoid
  • Kyphosis - Ankylosing spond.
42
Q

What are signs of COPD?

A
  • Inhalers bedside
  • Accessory muscle use
  • Barrel chest
  • Tar-stained fingers
  • Tachypnoea
  • Pursed lip breathing
  • Tracheal tug
  • Indrawing of lower intercostals
  • Hyper-resonance
  • Quiet breath sounds/wheeze/prolonged exp. phase
43
Q

What are signs that someone has had a pneumonectomy?

A
  • Unilateral chest flattening
  • Thoracotomy scar
  • Tracheal deviation
  • REduced expansion
  • Dull to percussion
  • Reduced breath sounds
  • Bronchial breathing in upper zone
44
Q

What are signs of aetiology in someone who has had a pneumonectomy?

A
  • Cachexia
  • Clubbed
  • Tar-stained fingers
45
Q

What are signs of somone having had a lobectomy?

A
  • Thoracotomy scar
  • May be no other signs
  • May be some reduced expansion, dullness to percussion and reduced AE
46
Q

What are signs of aetiology that you might look for in someone with lobectomy?

A
  • Cachexia, clubbed, tar-stain - lung cancer
  • Wet cough, coarse crepitations - bronchiectasis
  • Signs of COPD - bullectomy
47
Q

What are signs of a pleural effusion?

A
  • Stony dull
  • Reduced air entry
  • Reduced vocal resonance
  • Reduced expansion
48
Q

What signs of aetiology would you look for in someone with suspected pleural effusion?

A
  • RA - hand deformity
  • Mesothelioma - Clubbing/radiation marks
  • SLE - butterfly rash
  • Malignancy - lymphadenopathy
  • Cirrhosis - signs of chronic liver disease
  • HF - pulmonary/peripheral oedema
49
Q

What are signs of bronchiectasis?

A
  • Productive cough
  • Inspiratory clicks
  • Clubbing
  • Coarse, late expiratory crepitations
50
Q

What are signs of aetiology of bronchiectasis?

A
  • Young/thin - CF
  • Curved yellow nails and lymphoedema - yellow nail syndrome
  • Lymphadenopathy - malignancy
  • Dextrocardia - Kartagener’s
51
Q

What are signs of kyphoscoliosis?

A
  • Increased throacic forward curvature or lateral curvature
  • Reduced spine flexion/extension
  • Rib hump
  • Reduced chest expansion
52
Q

What are signs of lung cancer?

A
  • Cachexia
  • Clubbing
  • Tar-stained
  • Hard irregular lymphadenopathy
  • Radiation burns
53
Q
A

Examination findings (23 decks)

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