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PCM II Midterm > Respiratory Exam > Flashcards

Respiratory Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Hypopnea

A

decreased depth and rate of respiration

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2
Q

bradypnea

A

regular rhythm but slower than normal rate

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3
Q

hyperpnea

A

increased depth of breath and rate

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4
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

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5
Q

dyspnea

A

short of breath

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6
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency in amt of oxygen reaching tissues

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7
Q

hypoxemia

A

oxygen deficiency in arterial blood

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8
Q

apnea

A

no breathing

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9
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of lung tissue that affects alveoli from normal O2 absorption

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10
Q

plesimeter finger

A

hyperextended middle finger of non-dominant hand in percussion

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11
Q

plexor finger

A

tapping finger for percussion

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12
Q

Needle thoracentesis

A

decompression, second intercostal space, midclavicular line

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13
Q

chest tube insertion

A

4th intercostal space at mid or anterior axillary line in 4th intercostal space

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14
Q

landmark for thoracentesis

A

7th intercostal space

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15
Q

What is the order for a respiratory exam?

A

Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

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16
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

measures peripheral arterial oxygen sat and pulse

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17
Q

capnography

A

measures partial pressure of carbon dioxide in exhaled breath as co2 over time

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18
Q

What are some important things to observe in the resp. physical exam?

A

breathing pattern, accessory muscles, color of fingers and lips, pursed lips, ability to speak, tactile fremitus, etc.

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19
Q

Tracheal deviation can be seen…

A

in pneumothorax, pleural effusion, atelectasis, mass

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20
Q

Causes of clubbing include…

A

congenital heart disease, interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis, inflammatory bowel disease, lung abscess, cystic fibrosis

21
Q

Barrel Chest

A

increased AP diameter, seen in COPD

22
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

Elevated hemoglobin, overweight and cyanotic, peripheral edema

23
Q

emphysema

A

older and thin, dyspnea, quiet chest, flattened diaphragm

24
Q

Flail chest

A

paradoxical movements of thorax, inspiration causes inward movement of ribs

25
Q

accessory muscle use

A

seen in asthma, COPD, airway obstruction, respiratory distress

26
Q

Things to check in palpation

A

trachea midline, OSE, masses, bruising or tenderness, thoracic expansion symmetrical

27
Q

Tactile Fremitus

A

palpable vibrations
if decreased? COPD, effusions, fibrosis, air, infiltrating tumor
if increased? pneumonia

28
Q

How deep is percussion?

A

5-7 cm

29
Q

Perussion dullness

A

fluid or solid tissue replaces air-containing lung or occupies space beneath percussing fingers

30
Q

Percussion generalized hyperresonance

A

hyperinflated lungs, COPD

31
Q

Unilateral hyperresonance

A

pneumothorax, COPD and emphysema

32
Q

tympanic

A

abdominal percussion

33
Q

How should a normal lung sound when percussed?

A

resonant

34
Q

What is diaphragmatic excursion?

A

measurement of how far lungs are expanded, typically 3-5.5 cm, asymmetry is indicative of diaphragm issue or pleural effusion

35
Q

Where are bronchovesicular sounds heard?

A

main bronchi, heard equally in inspiration and expiration

36
Q

Where are vesicular sounds heard?

A

lesser bronchi, bronchioles, and lobes; heart through inspiration

37
Q

Where are bronchial sounds heard?

A

trachea, heard through expiration

38
Q

Stridor

A

inspiratory sound, due to narrowing in upper airway

39
Q

Wheezing

A

expiratory sound, caused by rapid airflow thru narrowed bronchial airway (COPD, asthma)

40
Q

Crackles

A

inspiratory sound, due to pneumonia, CHF, atelectasis, pulmonary fibrosis

41
Q

Atelectasis

A

collapse of alveoli, usually post surgical, can cause fever

42
Q

Incentive Spirometry

A

helps with atelectasis treatment and prevention, practice deep breaths

43
Q

Bronchophony

A

spoken words get louder when auscultating

44
Q

Whispered pectoriloquy

A

whispered words louder and clearer during auscultation

45
Q

Egophany

A

when patient says “ee” it sounds like “a”

46
Q

Pulmonary function test

A

Diagnose obstructive vs. restrictive diseases

47
Q

Spirometry

A

measures lung function, gives some lung volumes

48
Q

What are the things important for chest x ray interpretation?

A 
Adequate or assessment of quality
Airway
Bones
Cardiac size
Diaphragms
Effusions
Fields and fissures
Foreign body
Great vessels
Gastric bubble
Hilar masses
Impression

PCM II Midterm (6 decks)

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