Repro Flashcards
What is puberty?
developmental stage characterized by transition from sexual immaturity to sexual maturity
What is gonadarche?
activation of gonads by FSH and LH
What is adrenarche?
increase in androgen hormone
What is thelarche?
development of breast tissue due to estrogen from ovaries
What is menarche?
First menstrual cycle
What is spermarche?
First sperm production
What is pubarche?
pubic hair development
What are the tanner stages of male external genitalia?
1: prepubertal
2: enlargement of testes and scrotum
3: enlargement of penis
4: increased size of penis, test, and scrotum
5: adult genitalia
What are the tanner stages of breast development in females?
1: prepubertal
2: breast bud
3: further enlargement
4: areola and papilla form secondary mound
5: mature stage
What are the tanner stages of pubic hair development?
1: prepubertal
2: sparse growth, slightly pigmented
3: darker, coarser, more curles
4: adult in type, no spread to thighs
5: adult in type and quality, horizontal upper boarder
What is gravida para?
number of pregnancies, number of viale births?
What does the acronym “TPAL” stand for?
Term delivers > 37 wks
Preterm delivery 20-37 wks
Abortion <20 wks
Live delivery
What is a pap smear? What age?
21 to 65 every year if abnormal, every 3 years if normal, every 5 if normal and - HPV, screen for cervical cancer
Where do cells for a pap smear need to come from?
ectocervix, endocervix, transitional zone, squamocolumnar junction
What does a pelvic exam entail?
visual and bimanual exam of internal and external genitalia, check for cervical motion tenderness, STI testing
Ectopic pregnancy - presentation and work up
abdominal or pelvic pain with bleeding, pregnancy related symptoms, workup should include speuculum exam and transvaginal US
Urinary TI - presentation and findings
dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency, suprapubic pain, caused by E. coli, use Lloyd’s punch and perform abdominal exam
What does a well male exam include?
prostate and testicular exam (not routine), prostate specific antigen not routine
What is included in a male genital exam?
inspection of scrotum, penile shaft, glans, inguinal region; palpate penile shaft and scrotum with thumb and first two fingers; palpate for hernias
Inguinal hernia - presentation and workup
pain with increased intra-abdominal pressure, bulge on effected side, imaging
What are the most important things to obtain in a sexual history?
parterns, practices, prevention of pregnancy, protection from STIs, past history of STI
What organism causes gonorrhea?
gram-negative intracellular diplocci
What is the classic presentation of gonorrhea?
penile discharge and dysuria, pelvic pain and vaginal discharge
What organism causes chlamydia?
gram negative bacteria and chlamydia trachomatis
What is the classic presentation of chlamydia
penile discharge and pruritus, vaginal discharge or pain during intercourse
What organism causes syphilis?
spirochete, treponema pallidum
What is the classic presentation of syphilis?
chancre, joint pains, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, neurosyphilis
What organism causes genital herpes?
Herpes Simplex Virus 2
What is the classic presentation of genital herpes?
single or clusters of vesicles on genitalia, may have burning, tingling and pain
What organism causes trichomonis?
protozoa with flagella
What is the classic presentation of tricomonis?
foul smelling thin or purulent vaginal discharge
Human papillomavirus presentation
genital warts, can lead to cancer
