ENT

Question 1

What do turbinates normally look like?

Answer 1

pink, nonerythematous, no rhinnorhea

Question 2

What structures do you examine in a patient’s mouth?

Answer 2

lip, mucosa, tounge, labial frenulum, lingual frenulum, gingiva, sublingual ducts, hard and soft palate

Question 3

What is “cobblestoning”?

Answer 3

lymph tissue patches that swell due to PND or allergic rhinitis and GERD

Question 4

What is torus palatinus?

Answer 4

bony growth, genetic, no surgery necessary

Question 5

What structures do we look for on the external ear?

Answer 5

helix, antihelix, tragus, lobule; check for tenderness, drainage, redness

Question 6

What is the whisper test?

Answer 6

softly whisper into each ear, ask patient to repeat

Question 7

What is pneumatic otoscopy?

Answer 7

Use puffer to test for TM movement

Question 8

What does the TM normally look like?

Answer 8

look at bony processes, cone of light, no bulging TM or erythema

Question 9

What does strep throat look like?

Answer 9

uvulitis, enlarged tonsils, prepalatine peticheae

Question 10

What is pharyngitis?

Answer 10

inflammation of pharynx with resulting sore throat; sx include conjunctivitis, malaise, hoarseness, low-grade fever

Question 11

Why is nausea associated with strep?

Answer 11

HOMUNCULUS!

Question 12

What is the centor score?

Answer 12

Treat pharyngitis with abx, look for cough, swollen and tender nodes, high temp, tonsillar exudates, age

Question 13

What labs do we consider do differentiate types of pharyngitis?

Answer 13

Rapid ag detection test, throat culture, monospot test

Question 14

What is suppurative OM?

Answer 14

acute OM with purulent material in middle ear

Question 15

What is OM with effusion?

Answer 15

inflammation and fluid buildup in middle ear without infection

Question 16

What is otitis external?

Answer 16

caused by bacteria entering a break in skin of canal, drainage from ear

Question 17

What is otosclerosis?

Answer 17

Abnormal bone growth around stapes bone, associated with hearing loss, can be conductive and sensory

Question 18

What is the weber test?

Answer 18

tests for lateralization using 512 Hz, conductive loss in same ear or sensorineural loss in opposite ear

Question 19

What is the Rinne Test?

Answer 19

tests bone conduction

Question 20

What is sinusitis?

Answer 20

Mucosal lining in paranasal sinuses and inflammation of nasal cavity, present with nasal discharge, cough, sneezing, nasal congestion, fever, headache, pain

Question 21

What is croup?

Answer 21

swelling of larynx, trachea, bronchi causing stridor and barking cough, caused by influenza, will subside

Question 22

What is epiglottitis?

Answer 22

inflammation of epiglottis and adjacent structures, caused by strep and influenza, this is a medical emergency

Question 23

How do you examine adult ears?

Answer 23

pull up, out and posterior

Question 24

How do you examine kids’ ears?

Answer 24

pull down, out and posterior

Question 25

What structures do you visualize for a nose exam?

Answer 25

ala nasi, columella, vestibule, bridge

Question 26

What should LNs normally feel like?

Answer 26

small, round, regular, spongy, non-tender, mobile

Question 27

When do frontal sinuses develop?

Answer 27

After 7 years of age

Question 28

What are some abnormalities we would look for in a mouth/throat exam?

Answer 28

aphtous ulcers, cheilitis, gingivitis, torus palatinus