respiratory, endocrine system Flashcards
what is the goal of a negative feedback loop?
to return back to a set point
what is the goal of a positive feedback loop?
to reach a specific target
what does crine mean?
secrete
what types of hormones are there?
steroid (fat soluble)
non-steroid (water soluble)
what is a hormone?
a chemical messenger that stimulates or inhibits a cell
it is secreted into the blood and maintains homeostasis
the cell a hormone affects is called
a target cell
how does a hormone cause an effect?
enters a cell to bind to a receptor, once is binds it can cause an effect to either increase or decrease a function
what organs work together to regulate the level of glucose in the blood
pancreas - make enzymes to help break down food
liver - stores energy
does the liver produce hormones?
NOOO
what do BETA cells secrete
insulin
what do ALPHA cells secrete
glucagon
when is insulin typically released?
after a meal
what happens to insulin once it is secreted?
if it binds to a target cell, it degrades
the leftover gets destroyed by the kidney and liver
which 2 cellular adaptations are at work in the tissue for the body to accommodate increased lipids
hyperplasia- cells multiplying
hypertrophy- cells getting bigger
what are the two types of adipose tissue?
subcutaneous fat- under skin, all over the body
visceral - torso and abdominal fat stored around organs
what are 3 ways to measure a personal visceral fat
measure BMI
waist circumference
waist to hip ratio
what effects can increased visceral fat have on the body
the more fat, the more adipokines which can cause insulin resistance
what does insulin resistant mean ** loook up
the receptors on target cells do not respond as readily to insulin
what are 2 tests that can be done to see if a person has hyperglycemia
Fasting plasma glucose- no eating for 8 hrs, then blood test
2 hour plasma glucose- drink sugary drink. get blood drawn, wait an hour, get more blood drawn
what is metabolic syndrome
when a certain group of symptoms are found together that indicate the person is at higher risk for cardiovascular disease or Type 2 diabetes
is Type A influenza the most severe and most common true or false
true
what are the diagnostics for metabolic syndrome (need to have at least 3)
elevated waist circumference elevated fasting blood glucose elevated blood pressure elevated triglycerides reduced HGL
what is acute bronchitis
inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree or large bronchi
what is asthma?
chronic disorder that results in intermittent, reversible airway obstruction
