endrocrine continued Flashcards by ash box

what do endrocrine glands do?

secrete hormones directly into the blood

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the difference between steroid and nonsteriod hormones

steroid- fat soluble, made of lipids, go right in affecting every cell in the body
non steriod- water soluble, has to fit with a receptor on the surface of the cell, can only have an affect on certain cells

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what happens to hormones after they react with the target cell?

it gets broken down in the liver, goes to the kidneys and is excreted out

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what is the main role of the endocrine system?

MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS by regulating processes in the body

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what are the two main manifestations of the endocrine dysfunction

HYPERfunction - releasing too much

HYPOfunction - releasing too little

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what is the main regulatory process in the endocrine system?

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK - returning to a set point (homeostasis)

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what are the main causes of dysfunction for hyperfunction in a gland

tumors, trauma, surgery, genetic inheritance, autoimmune disease

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the pituitary gland is referred to as the master gland because?

it regulates MANY glands

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what are the 3 main causes of pituitary dysfunction?

TUMORS
TRAUMA
GENETIC DISORDER

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what are the primary functions of the thyroid

regulate metabolism

growth and development

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what are the top two causes of thyroid hypofuunction

autoimmune disease
iautrogenic damage (result from a tx)

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what are the main causes of thyroid hyperfunction

tumor

autoimmune disease

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signs & symptoms of hyperthyroidism

fast heart rate
fast reflex
warm skin
weight loss

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what is special about thyroid hormones

they are made using iodine

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what is a goiter

enlargement of the thyroid gland

when your thyroid trys to compensate for lack of iodine and trys to make the area bigger to make more

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what are some symptoms of hyperfunction of the thyroid

thin hair
weight loss
diarrhea 
warm skin 
sweaty palms
hypperflexia 
pretibial edema

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which part of the adrenal gland does the hypothalamus regulate through hormones

the cortex

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which is the main glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex

cortisol

what are the effects of hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex

thinning of hair
moon face
acne
increase body and facial hair
thin extremities
trunk obesity
easy bruising (slow immune response)
purple striae

what is the difference between pneumothorax and pleural effusion

thorax- AIR in the pleural cavity

effusion- excessive FLUID in the pleural cavity

what is hypoxemia

decreased O2 in the blood

the body increases respiratory rate to increase o2 rate

what is cyanosis (hypercapnia)

bluish discoloration of skin

TA: watch for this when doing physical activity

what is polycythemia (hypoxemia)

increase concentration of hemoglobin in the blood

important to mobilize to prevent blood clots

what is hypoventiliation

breathing in an abnormally SLOW rate resulting in increase of CO2 in blood
seen in people with COPD

what is dyspnea at rest

shotness of breath at rest TA- teach breathing exercises, relaxation, position, mobilize them but know their limits

what is clubbing of fingers?

thickening of finger tips, common symptom of respiratory disease , related to chronic gas exchange

what is the difference between a stimulating hormone and releasing hormone?

stimulating- hormone from the pituitray gland to target gland releasing- hormone that the hypothalamus sends to the pituitary

what is malabsorption

intestine cannot absorb certain nutrients into bloodstream

what is atelectasis

collapsed alveoli

hypercapnia

excessive CO2 in the blood caused by inadequate respiration

define respiratory failure

results from inadequate gas exchange in the body | TA: monitor O2 and Co2 levels, breathing exercises

define Cor Pulmonale

enlargement of right ventricle happens with cystic fybrosis

thyroid gland:

regulates metabolism and growth and development

what are 3 main causes of hypofunction

tumor autoimmune disease iatrogenic damage - surgery, radiation, chemo

what is the adrenal cortex

part the hypothalamus regulates trhough hormones

hypothyroidism vs hyperthyrodism

hypo- slow metabolism, decreased cell renewal, decrease cell response main causes: tumor, autoimmune disease hyper- fast heart rate, fast reflex, warm skin, weight loss

define acute respiratory failure

life-threatening inability of the lungs to maintain adequate O2 TX: oxygen therapy,

define chronic bronchitis

characterized by inflammation of the bronchi, a productive cough and excessive mucus production TX: chest physiothersapy

define emphysema

destruction of the alveoli of the alveolar walls leads to large inflated alveoli **pink puffers*

define acute respiratory distress syndrome

rapidly developing respiratory failure | results from fluid accumulation in the alveoli die to a systemic or pulmonary

define acute respiratory distress syndrome

rapidly developing respiratory failure results from fluid accumulation in the alveoli die to a systemic or pulmonary widespread inflammation of the lungs so its hard to breath

hypocortisolism

addisons disease | causes: tumor, idiopathic, autoimmune process

hypercortioloism

cushings syndrome - steroid diabetes