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302 patho > endrocrine continued > Flashcards

endrocrine continued Flashcards

1
Q

what do endrocrine glands do?

A

secrete hormones directly into the blood

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2
Q

the difference between steroid and nonsteriod hormones

A

steroid- fat soluble, made of lipids, go right in affecting every cell in the body
non steriod- water soluble, has to fit with a receptor on the surface of the cell, can only have an affect on certain cells

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3
Q

what happens to hormones after they react with the target cell?

A

it gets broken down in the liver, goes to the kidneys and is excreted out

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4
Q

what is the main role of the endocrine system?

A

MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS by regulating processes in the body

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5
Q

what are the two main manifestations of the endocrine dysfunction

A

HYPERfunction - releasing too much

HYPOfunction - releasing too little

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6
Q

what is the main regulatory process in the endocrine system?

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK - returning to a set point (homeostasis)

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7
Q

what are the main causes of dysfunction for hyperfunction in a gland

A

tumors, trauma, surgery, genetic inheritance, autoimmune disease

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8
Q

the pituitary gland is referred to as the master gland because?

A

it regulates MANY glands

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9
Q

what are the 3 main causes of pituitary dysfunction?

A

TUMORS
TRAUMA
GENETIC DISORDER

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10
Q

what are the primary functions of the thyroid

A

regulate metabolism

growth and development

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11
Q

what are the top two causes of thyroid hypofuunction

A 
autoimmune disease
iautrogenic damage (result from a tx)
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12
Q

what are the main causes of thyroid hyperfunction

A

tumor

autoimmune disease

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13
Q

signs & symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

fast heart rate
fast reflex
warm skin
weight loss

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14
Q

what is special about thyroid hormones

A

they are made using iodine

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15
Q

what is a goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

when your thyroid trys to compensate for lack of iodine and trys to make the area bigger to make more

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16
Q

what are some symptoms of hyperfunction of the thyroid

A 
thin hair
weight loss
diarrhea 
warm skin 
sweaty palms
hypperflexia 
pretibial edema
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17
Q

which part of the adrenal gland does the hypothalamus regulate through hormones

A

the cortex

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18
Q

which is the main glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex

A

cortisol

19
Q

what are the effects of hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex

A 
thinning of hair
moon face
acne
increase body and facial hair
thin extremities
trunk obesity
easy bruising (slow immune response)
purple striae
20
Q

what is the difference between pneumothorax and pleural effusion

A

thorax- AIR in the pleural cavity

effusion- excessive FLUID in the pleural cavity

21
Q

what is hypoxemia

A

decreased O2 in the blood

the body increases respiratory rate to increase o2 rate

22
Q

what is cyanosis (hypercapnia)

A

bluish discoloration of skin

TA: watch for this when doing physical activity

23
Q

what is polycythemia (hypoxemia)

A

increase concentration of hemoglobin in the blood

important to mobilize to prevent blood clots

24
Q

what is hypoventiliation

A

breathing in an abnormally SLOW rate resulting in increase of CO2 in blood
seen in people with COPD

25
Q

what is dyspnea at rest

A

shotness of breath at rest

TA- teach breathing exercises, relaxation, position, mobilize them but know their limits

26
Q

what is clubbing of fingers?

A

thickening of finger tips, common symptom of respiratory disease , related to chronic gas exchange

27
Q

what is the difference between a stimulating hormone and releasing hormone?

A

stimulating- hormone from the pituitray gland to target gland
releasing- hormone that the hypothalamus sends to the pituitary

28
Q

what is malabsorption

A

intestine cannot absorb certain nutrients into bloodstream

29
Q

what is atelectasis

A

collapsed alveoli

30
Q

hypercapnia

A

excessive CO2 in the blood caused by inadequate respiration

31
Q

define respiratory failure

A

results from inadequate gas exchange in the body

TA: monitor O2 and Co2 levels, breathing exercises

32
Q

define Cor Pulmonale

A

enlargement of right ventricle happens with cystic fybrosis

33
Q

thyroid gland:

A

regulates metabolism and growth and development

34
Q

what are 3 main causes of hypofunction

A

tumor
autoimmune disease
iatrogenic damage - surgery, radiation, chemo

35
Q

what is the adrenal cortex

A

part the hypothalamus regulates trhough hormones

36
Q

hypothyroidism vs hyperthyrodism

A

hypo- slow metabolism, decreased cell renewal, decrease cell response
main causes: tumor, autoimmune disease
hyper- fast heart rate, fast reflex, warm skin, weight loss

37
Q

define acute respiratory failure

A

life-threatening inability of the lungs to maintain adequate O2
TX: oxygen therapy,

38
Q

define chronic bronchitis

A

characterized by inflammation of the bronchi, a productive cough and excessive mucus production
TX: chest physiothersapy

39
Q

define emphysema

A

destruction of the alveoli of the alveolar walls leads to large inflated alveoli **pink puffers*

40
Q

define acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

rapidly developing respiratory failure

results from fluid accumulation in the alveoli die to a systemic or pulmonary

41
Q

define acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

rapidly developing respiratory failure
results from fluid accumulation in the alveoli die to a systemic or pulmonary
widespread inflammation of the lungs so its hard to breath

42
Q

hypocortisolism

A

addisons disease

causes: tumor, idiopathic, autoimmune process

43
Q

hypercortioloism

A

cushings syndrome - steroid diabetes

302 patho (8 decks)

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