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EMT > Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Signs of normal breathing

A

12-20 resp for adult, 15-30 for children
regular pattern of inhalation/exhalation
clear and equal breath sounds on both sides
regular and equal chest rise
adequate depth(tidal vol)
unlabored, without abnormal sounds

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2
Q

Signs of Inadequate breathing

A

reports SOA

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3
Q

Signs/symptoms of asthma

A

wheezing on inspiration/expiration
bronchospasm

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4
Q

Signs/symptoms of anaphylaxis

A

flushed skin or hives
generalized edema
dec. BP
laryngeal edema with dyspnea
wheezing or stridor

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5
Q

Signs/symptoms of Bronchiolitis

A

SOA
wheezing
coughing
fever
dehydration
tachypnea
tachycardia

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6
Q

Signs/symptoms of bronchitis

A

chronic cough(w/sputum production)
wheezing
cyanosis
tachypnea

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7
Q

Signs/symptoms of CHF

A

dependent (lower extremity) edema
crackles (pulmonary edema)
orthopnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

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8
Q

Signs/symptoms of common cold

A

cough
runny or stuffy nose
sore throat

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9
Q

Signs/symptoms of COVID-19

A

cough
fever
dyspnea
chest pain
anosmia (inability to smell)

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10
Q

Signs/symptoms of croup

A

fever
barking cough
stridor
mostly in children

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11
Q

Signs/symptoms of diphtheria

A

difficulty breathing and swallowing
sore throat
thick gray buildup in throat or nose
fever

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12
Q

Signs/symptoms of emphysema

A

barrel chest
pursed lip breathing
dyspnea on exertion
cyanosis
wheezing/dec. breath sounds
mostly in older patients

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13
Q

Signs/symptoms of Epiglottitis

A

dyspnea
high fever
stridor
drooling
difficulty swallowing
severe sore throat
tripod or sniffing position
mostly in children

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14
Q

Signs/symptoms of Influenza A

A

cough
fever
sore throat
fatigue

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15
Q

Signs/symptoms of Pertussis

A

coughing spells
whooping sound
fever

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16
Q

Signs/symptoms of Pneumonia

A

dyspnea
chills, fever
cough
green, red, or rust colored sputum
localized wheezing or crackles

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17
Q

Signs/symptoms of pneumothorax

A

sudden chest pain with dyspnea
dec. breath sounds (on affected side)
subcutaneous emphysema

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18
Q

Signs/symptoms of pulmonary embolus

A

Dyspnea
occasionally will have sharp chest pain
sudden onset
tachycardia
clear breath sounds initially

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19
Q

Signs/symptoms of tension pneumothorax

A

severe SOA
diminished or absent breath sounds on one side
Dec./altered level on consciousness
neck vein distention
tracheal deviation
hypotension, signs of shock

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20
Q

Signs/symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

cough
wheezing
fever
dehydration

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21
Q

Signs/symptoms of Tuberculosis (TB)

A

cough
fever
fatigue
productive/bloody sputum

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22
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

a condition in which the body’s cells and tissues are not getting enough oxygen

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23
Q

Signs/symptoms of COPD

A

chronic production of sputum, chronic cough, difficulty expelling air from lungs, may have lung sounds (bronchi, wheezing, crackles) and diminished lung sounds

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24
Q

What is asthma?

A

Acute spasm of smaller air passages (bronchioles), associated with excessive mucus production and swelling of the mucus membranes

25
Q

What can cause asthma?

A

allergic reaction to foods or allergens or severe emotional distress, exercise, and respiratory infections

26
Q

What is wheezing indicative of?

A

lower airway obstruction

27
Q

What characterizes anaphylactic reactions and signs?

A

airway swelling, dilation of blood vessels all over body which may lower bp, widespread hives, itching, signs of shock

28
Q

What do you treat anaphylaxis with?

A

epinephrine, oxygen therapy, and antihistamines

29
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

accumulation of air in pleural space

30
Q

What is pleuritic chest pain?

A

a sharp stabbing pain on one side that is worse during inspiration and expiration or with certain movement of the chest wall.

31
Q

what signs/symptoms may patient state in spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain

32
Q

Describe pleural effusion

A

Collection of fluid outside the lung(s). Compresses lung and causes dyspnea. Can stem from irritation, infection, congestive heart failure, or cancer

33
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism?

A

a blood clot formed in a vein, usually legs or pelvis, the breaks off and circulates through the venous system. Can also come from the right atrium in a patient with Afib. It obstructs the pulmonary artery and prevents gas exchange in the lungs

34
Q

Signs/symptoms of a pulmonary embolism

A

Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Varying degrees of hypoxia
Cyanosis
Acute chest pain
Hemoptysis(coughing up blood)

35
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

rapid breathing to the point that the level of arterial CO2 falls below normal

36
Q

Signs of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

flu-like - headache, dizziness, fatigue, and nausea/vomiting.
may report dyspnea on exertion and chest pain
neurological - impaired judgment, confusion, hallucinations

37
Q

How do you treat carbon monoxide poisoning

A

if conscious, NRB
if unconscious or altered LOC, airway adjunct and BVM

38
Q

What is wheezing indicative of?

A

constriction and/or inflammation in the bronchus

39
Q

What are crackles (rales)?

A

sounds of air trying to pass through fluid in alveoli. crackling or bubbling sound on inspiration

40
Q

What is rhonchi?

A

low pitched rattling sounds caused by secretions or mucus in the larger airway

41
Q

What is stridor?

A

high pitched sound heard on inspiration as air tries to pass though an obstruction in upper airway

42
Q

What diseases are associated with wheezing?

A

asthma
COPD
CHF/pulmonary edema
pneumonia
bronchitis
anaphylaxis

43
Q

What diseases are associated with rhonchi?

A

COPD
pneumonia
bronchitis

44
Q

What diseases are associated with crackles?

A

CHF/pulmonary edema
pneumonia

45
Q

What diseases are associated with stridor?

A

croup
epiglottitis

46
Q

What diseases are associated with decreased or absent breath sounds?

A

asthma
COPD
pneumonia
hemothorax
pneumothorax
atelectasis

47
Q

What are signs of COPD?

A

Patient older than 50 years of age
History of lung problems
Active or former cigarette smoker
Tightness in chest
Constant fatigue
Barrel-like appearance to chest
Use of accessory muscles
Abnormal breath sounds

48
Q

State the contraindications for medications in respiratory patients

A

pt. is unable to help coordinate inhalation or too confused to effectively administer medication
MDI or nebulizer is not prescribed for this pt.
no permission from med control or under local protocols
pt has already taken max dose before your arrival
medication is expired
other contraindication specific to the medication

49
Q

How to treat asthma?

A

Be prepared to suction.
Assist asthma patient with prescribed inhaler.
Provide aggressive airway management, oxygen, and prompt transport

50
Q

How to treat anaphylaxis?

A

Remove the offending agent.
Maintain the airway
Transport rapidly.
Administer epinephrine.
Treatment of Specific Conditions

51
Q

How to treat spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

Provide supplemental oxygen.
Transport promptly.
Monitor carefully

52
Q

How to treat pleural effusion?

A

Fluid removal must be done in hospital.
Provide oxygen.
Transport promptly

53
Q

How to treat obstruction of the airway?

A

Obstruction of airway
Partial obstruction:
Provide supplemental oxygen and transport.
Complete obstruction:
Clear obstruction and administer oxygen.
Transport rapidly to emergency department

54
Q

How to treat hyperventilation?

A

Complete primary assessment and gather history.
Do not have patient breathe into paper bag.
Reassure the patient and provide supplemental oxygen.
transport promptly.

55
Q

How to treat environmental/industrial exposure?

A

Ensure patients are decontaminated.
Treat with oxygen, adjuncts, and suction based on presentation

56
Q

How to treat foreign body aspiration?

A

Clear the airway.
Provide oxygen and transport

57
Q

How to treat tracheostomy dysfunction?

A

Position comfortably.
Suction to clear the obstruction.
Provide oxygen

58
Q

How to treat asthma?

A

Provide blow-by oxygen.
Use MDI

59
Q
A

EMT (10 decks)

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