Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Most important muscle of inspiration

A

Diaphragm - when contracts, chest cavity volume increases

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2
Q

The sternohyoid muscles (scalene muscles) are accessory _________ muscles.

A

Inspiratory

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3
Q

T/F: the act of expiration is passive and occurs when the diaphragm relaxes and the elastic properties of the lung and chest wall allow recoil

A

True

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4
Q

If the act of expiration is passive, why do some patients in respiratory distress have increased abdominal involvement?

A

Need help with expiration

Flexing abdominals increases intra-abdominal pressure, moving diaphragm cranially, forcing air out

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5
Q

What does dyspnea mean?

A

Sensation of breathlessness

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6
Q

What does orthopnea mean?

A

Positional increases in difficulty

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7
Q

Describe what an orthopneic patient might appear

A

Head and neck extended, elbows abducted

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8
Q

Problems on inspiration can be localized to…

A

Upper respiratory

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9
Q

Problems on expiration can be localized to…

A

Lower respiratory

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10
Q

Increased effort during all phases can be localized to…

A

Parenchyma

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11
Q

Short, shallow breathing can be localized to…

A

Pleural space

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12
Q

What are the big three things that should be done for any patient presenting in respiratory distress?

A
  1. Oxygen supplementation
  2. Sedation - butorphanol!
  3. Minimize stress (even if it means delaying diagnostics)
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13
Q

Name some examples of upper airway disease

A

Lar par
Tracheal collapse
Foreign bodies
Polyps
BOAS

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14
Q

Name some causes of lower airway disease

A

Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
Bronchial disease

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15
Q

Parenchyma disease can have cardiac and non-cardiac causes. How can you differentiate the two?

A

History
Signalment
Triage finding (HR and temperature)

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16
Q

T/F: not all parenchymal disease should be treated the same

A

True - cardiac causes might require furosemide while non-cardiac may require bronchodilators or steroids

17
Q

Venous distension and LA enlargement are signs of

A

Congestive heart failure

18
Q

Examples of pleural space disease

A

Pleural effusion
Pneumothorax
Diaphragmatic hernia

19
Q

Why is thoracic wall disease tricky?

A

B/c unable to move chest and diaphragm so cannot show typical signs of respiratory distress

20
Q

Examples of thoracic wall disease

A

Neurologic disease
Muscular disease
Orthopedic disease