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SA Emergency > Catheters > Flashcards

Catheters Flashcards

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1
Q

Indications for peripheral venous catheters

A

Emergency medications
Fluid administration
Sedation
Euthanasia

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2
Q

What are some common locations for peripheral venous catheter placement?

A

Cephalic
Saphenous
Auricular
Pedal

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3
Q

What is the trend right now for size and length of peripheral venous catheters?

A

Shorter length w large bore

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4
Q

What are some ways you can place a peripheral venous catheter?

A

Percutaneous
Pilot hole
Venous cutdown

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5
Q

When are peripheral venous catheters contraindicated?

A

Fractious patients in severe respiratory distress
Suspected cutaneous infections
Limbs containing fractures

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6
Q

When might a venous cutdown be used?

A

Small patients
Shock

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7
Q

T/F: venous cutdowns are placed using aseptic technique and can be left close by second intention

A

False - often placed in a hurry and are contaminated

Need to be treated like a fresh laceration - lavaged and closed aseptically

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8
Q

Complications of peripheral venous catheters

A

Phlebitis
Catheter site infection
Extravasation of fluids or other medications
Thrombosis
Catheter embolism

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9
Q

Signs of phlebitis

A

Pain on palpation, pain during injection, swelling and erythema of the skin, fever

A lot of times it’ll be a patient that’s been doing well, but suddenly spikes a fever

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10
Q

Other than CS, what is another, newly described way to diagnose phlebitis?

A

U/S to visualize vessel

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11
Q

________ is the bacteria that has recently been described as being involved in catheter site infections

A

Enterobacter

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12
Q

T/F: IO catheters are reserved for uses in birds

A

False - don’t fill up a birds bones with fluids

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13
Q

IO catheters are extremely beneficial in __________ and _________

A

Neonates
Small patients
Exotics

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14
Q

What are the common IO catheter sites?

A

Femur, humerus, and some tibia

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15
Q

__________ onset of drug administration is common with IO catheters

A

IO d/t slower absorption and cannot be given as fast and as with as much pressure

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16
Q

T/F: a benefit to IO catheters is that blood sampling can be performed

A

True - just be cautious when interpreting potassium and blood glucose

17
Q

T/F: If you fail to place a IO catheters in one site, just re-use the stab incision and angle the needle slightly more

A

False - don’t reuse a site following placement failure, move to another site

18
Q

Contraindications for IO catheter placement

A

Bones w fractures
Placement thru infected tissues
Fluid admin in birds

19
Q

Complications associated with IO catheters

A

Infections
Fat embolism
Extravasation of fluids/meds
Nerve injury
Compartment syndrome
Fractures

20
Q

Name some indications for central line placement

A

Frequent blood glucose and blood gas monitoring

Multiple fluid types desired but not compatible within other peripheral lines
High osmolality medications/fluids
Administration of TPN
Venous pressure monitoring

21
Q

The __________ vein is a common location for a central line. It terminates in the cranial vena cava.

A

Jugular

22
Q

A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) can be placed into the __________ vein, which terminates in the caudal vena cava

A

Saphenous

23
Q

Indications for urinary catheter placement

A

De-obstruction
Urinary retention disorders
Post op urinary procedures
Infectious zoonotic dz control
Immobilized patients
Contrast studies

24
Q

Contraindications of urinary catheters

A

Inadequate nursing staff to manage if left to remain indwelling

25
Q

Complications associated with urinary catheters

A

Catheter associated infections
Physical trauma to the urethra or bladder
Sedation/anesthesia related complications

26
Q

The incidence of UTIs with indwelling catheter placement is about ______ for up to 3 days, but after that will begin to increase.

A

10%

27
Q

What are some ways we can prevent UTIs in patients with urinary catheters?

A

Limit duration
Catheters coated with anti-bacterial products
Aseptic technique

28
Q

A potential complication of urinary catheter placement is bladder/urethral tears. What are some ways we can mitigate this?

A

Caution with stylet containing catheters
Lubrication
Avoiding force
Appropriate catheter size

29
Q

________fr appropriate for most cats; dogs average _________fr

A

3.5
5-8

30
Q

Tomcats, slippery Sam’s, and red rubbers can all be left indwelling. Which ones can be used for de-obstruction?

A

Slipper Sam
Tom cat

SA Emergency (11 decks)

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