Catheters Flashcards
Indications for peripheral venous catheters
Emergency medications
Fluid administration
Sedation
Euthanasia
What are some common locations for peripheral venous catheter placement?
Cephalic
Saphenous
Auricular
Pedal
What is the trend right now for size and length of peripheral venous catheters?
Shorter length w large bore
What are some ways you can place a peripheral venous catheter?
Percutaneous
Pilot hole
Venous cutdown
When are peripheral venous catheters contraindicated?
Fractious patients in severe respiratory distress
Suspected cutaneous infections
Limbs containing fractures
When might a venous cutdown be used?
Small patients
Shock
T/F: venous cutdowns are placed using aseptic technique and can be left close by second intention
False - often placed in a hurry and are contaminated
Need to be treated like a fresh laceration - lavaged and closed aseptically
Complications of peripheral venous catheters
Phlebitis
Catheter site infection
Extravasation of fluids or other medications
Thrombosis
Catheter embolism
Signs of phlebitis
Pain on palpation, pain during injection, swelling and erythema of the skin, fever
A lot of times it’ll be a patient that’s been doing well, but suddenly spikes a fever
Other than CS, what is another, newly described way to diagnose phlebitis?
U/S to visualize vessel
________ is the bacteria that has recently been described as being involved in catheter site infections
Enterobacter
T/F: IO catheters are reserved for uses in birds
False - don’t fill up a birds bones with fluids
IO catheters are extremely beneficial in __________ and _________
Neonates
Small patients
Exotics
What are the common IO catheter sites?
Femur, humerus, and some tibia
__________ onset of drug administration is common with IO catheters
IO d/t slower absorption and cannot be given as fast and as with as much pressure
T/F: a benefit to IO catheters is that blood sampling can be performed
True - just be cautious when interpreting potassium and blood glucose
T/F: If you fail to place a IO catheters in one site, just re-use the stab incision and angle the needle slightly more
False - don’t reuse a site following placement failure, move to another site
Contraindications for IO catheter placement
Bones w fractures
Placement thru infected tissues
Fluid admin in birds
Complications associated with IO catheters
Infections
Fat embolism
Extravasation of fluids/meds
Nerve injury
Compartment syndrome
Fractures
Name some indications for central line placement
Frequent blood glucose and blood gas monitoring
Multiple fluid types desired but not compatible within other peripheral lines
High osmolality medications/fluids
Administration of TPN
Venous pressure monitoring
The __________ vein is a common location for a central line. It terminates in the cranial vena cava.
Jugular
A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) can be placed into the __________ vein, which terminates in the caudal vena cava
Saphenous
Indications for urinary catheter placement
De-obstruction
Urinary retention disorders
Post op urinary procedures
Infectious zoonotic dz control
Immobilized patients
Contrast studies
Contraindications of urinary catheters
Inadequate nursing staff to manage if left to remain indwelling
Complications associated with urinary catheters
Catheter associated infections
Physical trauma to the urethra or bladder
Sedation/anesthesia related complications
The incidence of UTIs with indwelling catheter placement is about ______ for up to 3 days, but after that will begin to increase.
10%
What are some ways we can prevent UTIs in patients with urinary catheters?
Limit duration
Catheters coated with anti-bacterial products
Aseptic technique
A potential complication of urinary catheter placement is bladder/urethral tears. What are some ways we can mitigate this?
Caution with stylet containing catheters
Lubrication
Avoiding force
Appropriate catheter size
________fr appropriate for most cats; dogs average _________fr
3.5
5-8
Tomcats, slippery Sam’s, and red rubbers can all be left indwelling. Which ones can be used for de-obstruction?
Slipper Sam
Tom cat
