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Pharmacology > 💊- Respiratory Drugs Test > Flashcards

💊- Respiratory Drugs Test Flashcards

1
Q

Ventilation

A

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs

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2
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A

Aka hay fever

Caused by pollen or a foreign substance

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3
Q

Common cold

A

Aka acute rhinitis

Caused by rhinovirus; rhinorrhea

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4
Q

How do antihistamines work

A

By blocking action of histamine at the h1 receptor decreasing secretions

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5
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Benadryl

First generation antihistamine

Anticholinergic symptoms ; highly protein bound

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6
Q

What are some drug interactions with the use of antihistamines

A

Increase CNS depression with alcohol and other CNS depressants (less so with second generation)

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7
Q

Decongestants

A

Sympathomimetics

Relieve nasal congestion by vasoconstriction of nasal vessels

Given oral or nose spray

Ex: pseudoephedrine (sudafed)

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8
Q

Drug interactions with decongestants use

A

May decrease effect of beta blockers, increase CNS stimulation with other stimulants

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9
Q

Side effects of decongestants use

A

Restlessness, palpations, increased BP and sugar

Rebound congestion occurs if taken longer than 3-5 days. Results in rebound vasodilation causing increased stuffy nose and congestion

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10
Q

Intranasal glucocorticoids

A

Used to treat rhinitis

Can cause dryness of nasal mucosa

Ex: fluticasone (Flonase) , beclomethasone (beconase, beclovent)

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11
Q

Antitussives

A

Used to control cough

Work by acting on the cough-control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex

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12
Q

Narcotic antitussive

A

May cause drowsiness, dizziness and respiratory depression

Ex: codeine , hydrocodone

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13
Q

Non-narcotic/OTC antitussive

A

Ex: dextromethorphan (benylin DM)

Benzonatate (tessalon perles)
Acts as an anesthetic

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14
Q

Expectorants

A

Loosen bronchial secretions so they can be eliminated by coughing

Ex: guiafenesin (mucinex, robutussin)

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15
Q

Side effects of expectorant use

A

Dizziness, headache and nausea

Ex: guiafenesin (mucinex, robutussin)

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16
Q

Asthma

A

Reversible airflow obstruction, inflammation and hyperactive airways

Shows as wheezing, coughing, dyspnea and tightness in the chest

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17
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Inflammation and irritation of the bronchial tree, excessive mucus production

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18
Q

Emphysema

A

Bronchioles lose their elasticity, alveoli dilate

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19
Q

Sympathomimetics

A

Increase cAMP, causing dilation of the bronchioles

Ex: beta adrenergic agents and epinephrine

20
Q

Beta adrenergic agents

A

Selectivity for beta2 receptors / used for asthma and COPD

Ex: albuterol (Proventil)

21
Q

What are some side effects of taking beta adrenergic agents

A

Tremors, headaches, palpations, tolerance can occur

Increased 💕rate, blood sugar

22
Q

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

Action: nonselective alpha and beta agonist

Produces bronchodilation, restores circulation and increases airway patency

23
Q

What are some side effects of taking epinephrine

A

Dizziness , hypertension, tachycardia, dysrhythmias

24
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Prevents bronchoconstriction

Used for maintenance treatment of COPD *not for emergencies

Ex: tiotropium (spiriva)

25
Q

What are some anticholinergic side effects of spiriva

A

Dry mouth, abdominal pain, depression, joint pain, dyspepsia

26
Q

What is the order in which beta agonist and atrovent should be given and why ?

A

Give beta agonist 5 mins before atrovent is given

Atrovent given 5 mins before steroid ; to open bronchioles before giving steroid

27
Q

Methylxanthines

A

chemically related to caffeine

Works by relaxing smooth muscle in the bronchi, bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels

Used for maintenance of chronic stable asthma

Ex: theophylline

28
Q

What is the therapeutic index for theophylline

A

10-20 mcg/ml

29
Q

What drugs should be avoided when taking theophylline

A

Avoid CNS stimulants including herbals

Avoid nicotine

30
Q

Side effects of taking methylxanthines

A

Ex: theophylline

Causes nausea, vomiting and CNS stimulation (cardio-respiratory collapse, dysrhythmia, convulsions and vasodilation)

Increase blood sugar, decrease clotting time

*has diuretic effects

31
Q

Combivent

A

Contains ipratroprium (atrovent) and albuterol

An anticholinergic and beta adrenergic agonist

Used to treat chronic bronchitis; increases FEV1

32
Q

Short acting bronchodilators

A

Aka rescue inhalers

Most frequently prescribed drugs for stopping an acute asthma attack

Ex: albuterol (Proventil)

Take before activity

33
Q

Long acting bronchodilator

A

Aka maintenance

Not used to stop an asthma attack in progress ; takes up to 60 mins to work

Ex: salmeterol (serevent)

34
Q

Leukotriene modifiers

A

Cause inflammatory changes in the lungs

Helps to control the inflammatory process in asthma

NOT USED for acute asthma attacks ; used for exercise induced asthma

**monitor liver enzymes

Ex: montelukast sodium (singulair)

35
Q

Oral glucocorticoids

A

Prescribed for patients with persistent asthma that is non-responsive to other treatment

Disturb the stomach lining

Not used for acute attacks *maintenance treatment

36
Q

What is the purpose of advair

A

To alleviate airway constriction and inflammation

37
Q

What are some adverse effects of oral glucocorticoid use

A

Adrenal gland suppression

Peptic ulcer

HYPERGLYCEMIA

osteoporosis

38
Q

Mast cell inhibitors

A

Prevent the release of histamine from mast cells

Used to prevent allergic responses and for asthma prophylaxis

Must be taken daily

Ex: cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)

39
Q

What are some side effects of mast cell inhibitors

A

Cough and bad taste

Don’t stop abruptly may cause rebound asthma attack

40
Q

How should bronchodilators be administered when given with a mucolytic

A

Bronchodilator should be given 5 minutes before the mucolytic

41
Q

Mucolytics

A

Directly loosens thick, viscous bronchial secretions

Ex: acetylcysteine (mucomyst)

42
Q

What are some side effects of mucolytics

A

Nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, stomatitis and runny nose

43
Q

Mucomyst is an antidote for what

A

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose

44
Q

Nebulizer

A

Small machine that vaporizes a liquid drug into a fine mist that can be inhaled

45
Q

Systemic route

A

Oral or parenteral

46
Q

Respiration

A

The process by which gases are exchanged

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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