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Pharmacology > Antibiotics List > Flashcards

Antibiotics List Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalosporins

A

MOA: inhibition of cell wall (beta-lactam drugs = inhibit peptide crosslinkages)

SOA: 1st generation mainly gram +
2nd generation gram - (especially enterics) and gram +
3rd generation more gram - (even pseudomonas) and more gram +

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2
Q

Carbapenams

A

MOA: inhibition of cell wall (beta-lactam drugs = inhibit peptide crosslinkages)

SOA: broad spectrum

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3
Q

Bacitracin

A

MOA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis (non-beta lactam drugs)

SOA: narrow spectrum gram positives

Toxicity: topical ointment

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4
Q

Vancomycin

A

MOA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis (non-beta lactam drugs)

SOA: narrow spectrum only gram +

Toxicity: last line of defense against S. Aureus resistance VRSA

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5
Q

Isoniazid

A

MOA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis ; anti-mycolic acid

SOA: used against mycobacterium tuberculosis

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6
Q

Ethambutol

A

MOA: inhibition of cell wall synthesis ; anti-mycolic acid

SOA: used against mycobacterium tuberculosis

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7
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis

SOA: mostly gram- but can be used against some gram+

Toxicity: hearing loss and kidney damage

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8
Q

Tetracycline

A

MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis

SOA: broad spectrum, great for intracellular parasites: chlamydia, chlamydophila and rickettsia . Used to treat acne

Toxicity: affects bone development and discolors teeth , not given to children

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9
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis

SOA: treatment for meningitis , may be used for rickettsia and chlamydia

Toxicity: aplastic anemia in children , only used as a last resort

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10
Q

Macrolides (erythromycin)

A

MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis

SOA: many gram+
mycoplasma (atypical walking pneumonia)
Chlamydophila, legionella (legionnaires disease)

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11
Q

Clindamycin

A

MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis

SOA: broad spectrum

Toxicity: can kill normal flora in GI tract –> infection by clostridium difficle –> pseudomembranous colitis

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12
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis

SOA: used against vancomycin resistant bacteria

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13
Q

Streptogramins

A

MOA: inhibition of protein synthesis

SOA: used against vancomycin resistant bacteria

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14
Q

Rifampin (inhibits RNA polymerase–> prevents transcription)

A

MOA: inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Toxicity: red man syndrome

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15
Q

Quinolones (cipro): inhibits DNA gyrase; prevents DNA replication

A

MOA: inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

SOA: broad spectrum

Toxicity: not to give to pregnant women because it can interfere with cartilage development in newborns

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16
Q

Sulfonamide: prevents folic acid synthesis in bacteria

A

MOA: antimetabolites

SOA: given in combination with trimethoprim used to treat UTI pneumocystis pneumonia

17
Q

Polymyxin

A

MOA: cell membrane injury

SOA: topical agent , mainly against gram-

18
Q

Amphotericin B

A

MOA: binds to ergosterol

SOA: systemic fungal infections

Toxicity: kidney toxicity

*antifungal drug

19
Q

Miconazole (imidazole)

A

MOA: prevents synthesis of ergosterol

SOA: skin fungal infections

*antifungal drug

20
Q

Terbinafine

A

MOA: prevents synthesis of ergosterol

SOA: nail fungus

21
Q

Nystatin

A

MOA: degrades cell membranes

*antifungal drug

22
Q

Echinocandins

A

MOA: disrupts cell wall synthesis

SOA: systemic fungal infections

*antifungal drug

23
Q

Griseofulvin

A

MOA: disrupts cell division

SOA: skin fungal infections

24
Q

Acyclovir

A

MOA: block nucleic acid synthesis (nucleoside analogs)

SOA: herpes simplex infections

25
Q

AZT: reverse transcriptase inhibitor

A

MOA: block nucleic acid synthesis (nucleoside analogs)

SOA: retroviral infections

26
Q

Amantadine

A

MOA: block vital uncoating

SOA: influenza

27
Q

Protease inhibitors

A

MOA: blocks viral replication

SOA: HIV

28
Q

Interferon

A

MOA: blocks viral replication

SOA: hepatitis C

29
Q

Tamiflu: neuraminidase inhibitor

A

MOA: blocks viral replication

SOA: influenza

30
Q

Metronidazole

A

MOA: prevents replication and transcription

SOA: mainly against anaerobic Protozoa , may be useful against some bacteria

31
Q

Chloroquine

A

MOA: not understood

SOA: plasmodium vivax

32
Q

Penicillin

A

MOA: inhibition of cell wall (beta-lactam drugs = inhibit peptide crosslinkages)

SOA: narrow spectrum: usually against gram + bacteria

Toxicity: development of resistant strains: produce beta-lactamase enzyme allergic reaction in some patients

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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