Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
Albuterol
Mechanism of Action
Causes bronchodilation by action on beta2 (pulmonary) receptors by increasing levels of cAMP, which relaxes smooth muscle; produces bronchodilation, CNS, cardiac stimulation as well as increased diuresis and gastric acid secretion; longer acting than isoproterenol
Albuterol
Uses
Prevention of exercise-induced asthma, acute bronchospasm, bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, or other reversible airway obstruction
Albuterol
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to sympathomimetics, tachydysrhythmias, severe cardiac disease, heart block
Albuterol
Side Effect
CNS: Tremors, Anxiety, insomnia, headache, dizziness, stimulation, Restlessness, hallucinations, flushing, irritability
CV: palpitations, tachycardia, angina, hypo/hypertension, dysrhythmias
EENT: dry nose, irritation of nose and throat
GI: heartburn, nausea, vomiting
MISC: flushing, sweating, anorexia, bad taste/ smell changes, hypokalemia
MS: muscle cramps
RESP: cough, wheezing, dyspnea, PARADOXICAL BRONCHOSPASM, dry throat
Albuterol
Nursing Considerations
ASSESS:
- Respiratory function: vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, ABGs; lung sounds, heart rate and rhythm, BP, sputum (baseline and peak); whether patient has not received theophylline therapy before giving dose
- Patient’s ability to self-medicate
- For evidence of allergic reactions
- For paradoxical bronchospasm; hold medication, notify prescriber if bronchospasm occurs
Albuterol
Overdose Treatment
Administer Beta1-adrenergic blocker, IV fluids
Montelukast (Singulair)
Functional Classification
Bronchodilator
Montelukast (Singulair)
Chemical Classification
Leukotriene receptor antagonist, cysteinyl
Montelukast (Singulair)
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits leukotriene (LTD4) formation; leukotrienes exert their effects by increasing neutrophil, eosinophil migraine; aggregation of neutrophils, monocytes; smooth muscle contraction, capillary permeability; these actions further lead to bronchoconstriction, inflammation, edema
Montelukast (Singulair)
Uses
Chronic asthma in adults and children, seasonal allergic rhinitis, bronchospasm prophylaxis
Montelukast (Singulair)
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
Montelukast (Singulair)
Side Effects
Dizziness, Fatigue, Headache, behavior, changes, SUICIDAL IDEATION, SUICIDE, hallucinations, SEIZURES, agitation, anxiety, depression, fever, drowsiness
GI: Abdominal Pain, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, PANCREATITIS
HEMA: THROMBOCYTOPENIA
INTEG: rash, pruritus, erythema
MS: asthenia, myalgia, muscle cramps
RESP: Influenza, Cough, nasal congestion
SYST: ANAPHYLAXIS, ANGIOEDEMA, CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME
Montelukast (Singulair)
Nursing Considerations
ASSESS:
- CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME: adult patients carefully for symptoms: eosinophilia, vasculitic rash, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications, neuropathy
- CBC, blood chemistry during treatment
- Respiratory rate, rhythm, depth; auscultate lung field bilaterally; notify prescriber of abnormalities
- Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria; product should be discontinued
- For behavior changes and suicidal ideation, other neuropsychiatric reactions
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Functional Classification
Beta2-Adrenergic agonist, bronchodilator
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Mechanism of Action
Causes bronchodilation by action on beta2 (pulmonary) receptors by increasing levels of cAMP, which relaxes smooth muscle with very little effect on heart rate; maintains improvement in FEV from 3 to 12hr; prevents nocturnal asthma symptoms
