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ATI: PHARM 2 - (Drug Classes) > Biologic Response-Modifying and Antirheumatic Drugs > Flashcards

Biologic Response-Modifying and Antirheumatic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Aldesleukin (IL-2)

Chemical Classification

A

Interleukin-2, human recombinant (cytokine)

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2
Q

Aldesleukin (IL-2)

Mechanism of Action

A

Enhancement of lymphocyte mitogenesis and stimulation of IL-2-dependent cell lines; enhancement of lymphocyte cytotoxicity; induction of killer cell activity; induction of inteferon-gamma production; results in activation of cellular immunity, production of cytokines, and inhibition of tumor growth

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3
Q

Aldesleukin (IL-2)

Uses

A

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma in adults; melanoma (metastatic)

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4
Q

Aldesleukin (IL-2)

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity, abnormal thallium stress test or pulmonary function tests, organ allografts, angina, cardiac tamponade, MI, GI bleeding/perforation, psychosis, renal failure, pulmonary insufficiency, seizures, ventricular tachycardia
Cardiac/Pulmonary disease, coma

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5
Q

Aldesleukin (IL-2)

Side Effects

A

CNS: mental status changes, dizziness, sensory dysfunction, syncope, motor dysfunction, Fever, Chills, headache, impaired memory, depression, sleep disturbances, hallucinations, rigors, neuropathy
CV: Hypotension, sinus tachycardia, dysrhythmias, bradycardia, PVCs, PACs, myocardial ischemia, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, CARDIAC ARREST, CAPILLARY LEAK SYNDROME, CVA
EENT: reversible visual changes
GI: Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Stomatitis, Anorexia, GI bleeding, dyspepsia, constipation, INTESTINAL PERFORATION/ileus, jaundice, ascites
GU: OLIGURIA/ANURIA, PROTEINURIA, HEMATURIA, dysuria, RENAL FAILURE
HEMA: Anemia, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, LEUKOPENIA, COAGULATION DISORDERS, LEUKOCYTOSIS, EOSINOPHILIA
INTEG: Pruritus, Erythema, Rash, dry skin, EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS, purpura, petechiae, urticaria
MS: arthralgia, myalgia
RESP: pulmonary congestion, Dyspnea, PULMONARY EDEMA, RESPIRATORY FAILURE, APNEA, tachypnea, pleural effusion, wheezing
SYST: infection

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6
Q

Aldesleukin (IL-2)

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • CBC, differential, platelet count weekly; may withhold product if WBC is 2L or >/=75% before therapy; monitor temp q4hr, pulse oximetry, dyspnea, crackles, ABGs; watch for respiratory failure, intubate if necessary
  • Stress thallium study before therapy; document normal ejection fraction, unimpaired wall motion
  • Bleeding: hematuria, guaiac, bruising petechiae
  • Buccal cavity q8hr for dryness, sores, ulceration, white patches, oral pain, bleeding, dysphagia
  • Local irritation, pain, burning at inj site
  • GI symptoms: frequency of stools, cramping; acidosis, signs of dehydration: rapid respirations, poor skin turgor, decreased urine output, dry skin, restlessness, weakness

PERFORM/PROVIDE:

  • Rinsing of mouth tid-qid with water, club soda; brushing of teeth bid-tid with soft brush or cotton-tipped applicators for stomatitis; use unwaxed dental floss
  • Increased fluid when able to reduce renal problems
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7
Q

Filgrastim (Neupogen)

Functional Classification

A

Biologic modifier

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8
Q

Filgrastim (Neupogen)

Chemical Classification

A

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

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9
Q

Filgrastim (Neupogen)

Mechanism of Action

A

Stimulates proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils

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10
Q

Filgrastim (Neupogen)

Uses

A

To decrease infection in patients receiving antineoplastics are myelosuppressive; to increase WBC in patients with product-induced neutropenia; bone marrow transplantation

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11
Q

Filgrastim (Neupogen)

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity to proteins of Escherichia coli

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12
Q

Filgrastim (Neupogen)

Side Effects

A

CNS: fever, headache
GI: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, anorexia
HEMA: THROMBOCYTOPENIA, excessive leukocytosis
INTEG: alopecia, exacerbation of skin conditions, urticaria, cutaneous vasculitis
MS: osteoporosis, skeletal pain
OTHER: chest pain, hypotension
RESP: ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, wheezing, ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE

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13
Q

Filgrastim (Neupogen)

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • Blood studies: CBC, platelet count before treatment and twice weekly; neutrophil counts may be increased for 2 days after therapy
  • BP, respirations, pulse before and during therapy
  • Bone pain; give mild analgesics
  • CBC with differential, platelets
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14
Q

Interferon alfa-2b

Functional Classification

A

Antineoplastic-miscellaneous

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15
Q

Interferon alfa-2b

Chemical Classification

A

Protein product

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16
Q

Interferon alfa-2b

Mechanism of Action

A

Antiviral action inhibits viral replication by reprogramming virus; antitumor action suppresses cell proliferation; immunomodulating action phagocytizes target cells; may also inhibit virus replication in virus-infested cells

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17
Q

Interferon alfa-2b

Uses

A

Hairy-cell leukemia in persons>18yr; condylomata acuminata; chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis B; malignant melanoma; non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

18
Q

Interferon alfa-2b

Contraindications

A

hypersensitivity

19
Q

Interferon alfa-2b

Side Effects

A

CNS: Dizziness, Confusion, Numbness, Paresthesias, hallucinations, SEIZURES, COMA, amnesia, anxiety, mood changes, depression, somnolence, paranoia, irritability, hostility, encephalopathy
CV: Edema, Hypotension, hypertension, chest pain, palpitations, dysrhythmias, CHF, MI, CVA, tachycardia, syncope
GI: Weight Loss, Taste Changes, nausea, anorexia, diarrhea, xerostomia
GU: Impotence
HEMA: NEUTROPENIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA
INTEG: Rash, Dry, Skin, Itching, Alopecia, flushing, photosensitivity, SERIOUS SKIN INFECTION
MISC: Flulike Syndrome, Fever, Fatigue, Myalgias, Headache, Chills, optic neuritis, ANAPHYLAXIS, ANGIOEDEMA

20
Q

Interferon alfa-2b

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • Symptoms of infection; chills, fever, headache may be masked by product fever
  • CNS reaction: LOC, mental status, dizziness, confusion, paresthesia, slurred speech, anxiety, depression, paranoia, hallucinations, suicidal thoughts
  • Cardiac status: lung sounds; ECG before and during treatment, especially in those with cardiac disease; MI, CHF, CVA, hypo/hypertension may occur; LFTs, thyroid function tests
  • Bone marrow depression: bruising, bleeding, blood in stools, urine, sputum, emesis
  • CBC with differential before and during treatment, nadirs of leukopenia/thrombocytopenia occur after 18-19 days (alfa-2a); recovery after 3-4wk; if granulocytes <30,000/mm2 discontinue product

PERFORM/PROVIDE:
-Increased fluid intake to 2-3L/day

21
Q

Interferon beta-1b

Functional Classification

A

Multiple sclerosis agent, immune modifier

22
Q

Interferon beta-1b

Chemical Classification

A

Interferon, Escherichia coli derivative

23
Q

Interferon beta-1b

Mechanism of Action

A

Antiviral, immunoregulatory; action not clearly understood; biologic response-modifying properties mediated through specific receptors on cells, inducing expression of interferon-induced gene products

24
Q

Interferon beta-1b

Uses

A

Ambulatory patients with relapsing or remitting MS

25
Q

Interferon beta-1b

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity to natural or recombinant interferon-beta or human albumin, hamster protein, rotovirus vaccine

26
Q

Interferon beta-1b

Side Effects

A

CNS: Headache, Fever, Pain, Chills, Mental Changes, Depression, hypertonia, SUICIDE ATTEMPTS, SEIZURES
CV: Migraine, Palpitations, Hypertension, tachycardia, peripheral vascular disorders
EENT: Conjunctivitis, blurred vision
GI: Diarrhea, Constipation, Vomiting, Abdominal Pan
GU: Dysmenorrhea, Irregular Menses, Metrorrhagia, cystitis, breast pain
HEMA: DECREASED LYMPHOCYTES, ANC, WBC; Lymphadenopathy, anemia
INTEG: Sweating, Inj Site Reaction
MS: Myalgia, MYASTHENIA
RESP: Sinusitis, dyspnea

27
Q

Interferon beta-1b

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • Blood, hepatic studies: CBC, differential, platelet counts, BUN, creatinine ALT, urinalysis; if absolute neutrophil count <750/mm3 or if AST/ALT is 10x normal, discontinue products
  • CNS symptoms: headache, fatigue, depression
  • GI status: diarrhea or constipation, vomiting, abdominal pain
  • Cardiac status: increased BP, tachycardia
  • Mental Status: Depression, depersonalization, suicidal thoughts, insomnia
  • Multiple sclerosis symptoms
28
Q

Rituximab

Functional Classification

A

Antineoplastic-miscellaneous; DMARDs

29
Q

Rituximab

Chemical Classification

A

Murine/human monoclonal antibody

30
Q

Rituximab

Mechanism of Action

A

Directed against the CD20 antigen that is found on malignant B lymphocytes; CD20 regulates a portion of cell-cycle initiation/differentiation

31
Q

Rituximab

Uses

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (CD20 positive, B-cell), bulky disease (tumors>10cm), rheumatoid arthritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, microscopic polyangitis

32
Q

Rituximab

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity, murine proteins

33
Q

Rituximab

Side Effects

A

CNS: LIFE-THREATENING BRAIN INFECTION (PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY)
CV: CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS, HEART FAILURE, HYPERTENSION, MI, SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, angina
GI: Nausea, Vomiting, Anorexia, GI OBSTRUCTION/PERFORATION
GU: RENAL FAILURE
HEMA: LEUKOPENIA, NEUTROPENIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, anemia
INTEG: Irritation At Site, Rash, FATAL MUCOCUTANEOUS INFECTIONS (RARE)
MISC: Fever, chills, asthenia, Headache, ANGIOEDEMA, hypotension, myalgia, BRONCHOSPASM, ARDS
SYST: TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME, EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS

34
Q

Rituximab

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • FATAL INF REACTION: hypoxia, pulmonary infiltrates, ARDS, MI, ventricular fibrillation, cardiogenic shock; most fatal reactions occur with 1st inf; potentially fatal
  • SEVERE MUCOCUTANEOUS REACTIONS: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, lichenoid dermatitis, toxic epidermal lysis; occur 1-13wk after product given
  • TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME: acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia
  • MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY: confusion, dizziness, lethargy, hemiparesis; monitor periodically
  • CBC, differential, platelet count weekly; withhold product if WBC is <100,000/mm3; notify prescriber of results; product should be discontinued
  • ECG, serum creatinine/BUN, electrolytes, uric acid
  • GI symptoms: frequency of stools
  • DEHYDRATION: rapid respirations, poor skin turgor, decreased urine output, dry skin, restlessness, weakness
35
Q

Sargramostim (Leukine)

Functional Classification

A

Biologic Modifier

36
Q

Sargramostim (Leukine)

Chemical Classification

A

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

37
Q

Sargramostim (Leukine)

Mechanism of Action

A

Stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (granulocytes, macrophages

38
Q

Sargramostim (Leukine)

Uses

A

Acceleration of myeloid recovery in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, autologous bone marrow transplantation in Hodgkin’s disease; bone marrow transplantation failure or engraftment delay, mobilization and transplant of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs)

39
Q

Sargramostim (Leukine)

Contraindications

A

Neonates; hypersensitivity to GM-CSF, benzyl alcohol, yeast products; excessive leukemic myeloid blast in bone marrow, peripheral blood

40
Q

Sargramostim (Leukine)

Side Effects

A

CNS: fever, malaise, CNS disorder, weakness, chills, dizziness, syncope, headache
CV: TRANSIENT SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, peripheral edema, PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, hypotension, tachycardia
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, GI HEMORRHAGE, stomatitis, LIVER DAMAGE, hyperbilirubinemia
GU: urinary tract disorder, abnormal kidney function
HEMA: BLOOD DYSCRASIAS, HEMORRHAGE
INTEG: alopecia, rash, peripheral edema
MS: bone pain, myalgia
RESP: dyspnea

41
Q

Sargramostim (Leukine)

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • Blood studies: CBC, differential count before treatment, 2x weekly; leukocytosis may occur (WBC >50,000 cells/mm3, ANC >20,000 cells/mm3), platelets; if ANC >20,000/mm3 or 10,000/mm3 after nadir has occurred or platelets >500,000/mm3, reduce dose by 1/2 or discontinue; if blast cells occur, discontinue
  • Renal, hepatic studies before treatment: BUN, creatinine, urinalysis; AST, ALT, alk phos; 2x weekly monitoring is needed in renal/hepatic disease
  • HYPERSENSITIVITY, rashes, local inj site reactions; usually transient
  • Body weight, hydration status; increased fluid retention in cardiac disease; pulmonary function
  • Myalgia, arthralgia in legs, feet; use analgesics
42
Q

Aldesleukin (IL-2)

Functional Classification

A

Antineoplastic-miscellaneous

ATI: PHARM 2 - (Drug Classes) (40 decks)

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