Respiratory drugs

Question 1

Theophylline effects.

Answer 1

Effects: 
Bronchial smooth muscle dilatation
Anti-inflammatory
Positive chronotrope
Positive Inotrope
Increase BP
Increase renal blood flow
Stimulate CNS resp centres

Question 2

Theophylline MOA

Answer 2

A methyl xanthine drug

1. Compeditive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor–>inhibit leukotriene synthesis–>reduce inflammation and innate immunity
2. Increase cAMP to increase adrenergic stimulation
3. Nonselective adenosine antagonist A1,2,3–>reduced histamine release–>reverse bronchospasm

Question 3

Theophylline side effects

Answer 3

nausea
metabolic alkalosis
Low phosphate, mg, k
Hyper or hypo calcaemia
Hyperglycaemia
Tachycardia and arrhythmias
SEIZURES

Question 4

Varenicline MOA

Answer 4

Partial agonist of the alpha4beta2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor- hence reduces the effects of withdrawal and blocks the reward effects of nicotine when continue to smoke

Main side effect nausea- not dose dependent and goes away after a few weeks

Can cause suicidal ideation
Theoretically not ideal in high risk cardiac patients

Question 5

Bupropion MOA

Answer 5

Enhance theoretical noradrenergic and dopaminergic release- REUPTAKE INHIBITOR
Risk increase suicidal ideation
Causes insomnia, agitation, dry mouth, headache
Blunts post cessation weight gain
INCREASE RISK OF SEIZURES

Question 6

How do you measure a pneumothorax?

Answer 6

Number of cm at the hilum

large is 2cm

Question 7

Causes of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax?

Answer 7

COPD
PCP
HIV- espec if have had PCP
CF
TB

Question 8

Causes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

Answer 8

Smoking causes blebs
marfans
Homocysteinuria
Thoracic endometriosis