extras

Question 1

FRV is where

Answer 1

outward recoil of chest is balanced by outward recoil of lung

Question 2

What is a shunt

Answer 2

perfusion of a non ventilated lung

will be REFRACTORY TO SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN
VQ mismatch corrects with oxygen

Question 3

What does a PE achieve

Answer 3

ventilation of lung that is not perfused distal to the blockage

Question 4

FRC in obesity

Answer 4

falls

-inward recoil of lung overbalances the outward recoil of chest

Question 5

Resp centre where

Answer 5

ventral medulla oblongata

Question 6

most potent resp stimulus

Answer 6

low CSF pH

Question 7

cao2 and oxygen moving between tissues and capillaries

Answer 7

internal respiration

Question 8

nasal ep is

Answer 8

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 9

BiPAP in COPD

Answer 9

reduced risk intubation
reduces mortality

hypoxia- EPAP and oxygen
hypercapnoea- IPAP

Question 10

BIPAP contraindications

Answer 10

PaCO2 over 60
severe hypoxia
unstable
not cooperative
not conscious
excess resp secretions
past facial surgery

Question 11

If normal FEV1/FVC and FVC reduced, what are the options

Answer 11

restrictive defect
or
trapped gas +++

Question 12

Normal TLC but increased RV

Answer 12

gas trapping
neuromuscular disease (but typically TLC also down)

Question 13

Increase alveolar PCO2 on DLCO

Answer 13

increase as reduce PaO2 so less competition for binding sites

Question 14

ground glass and fleichner guidelines?

Answer 14

doesnt apply- need longer follow u

Question 15

eye disease in sarcoid

Answer 15

sicca

granulomatous uveitis bilateral- can go blind

Question 16

sarcoid and hep c- avoid…?

Answer 16

IFN alpha- worsens disease

Question 17

if not using steroids in sarcoid, using what for symptoms

Answer 17

NSAIDS

Question 18

delta F 508 problem

Answer 18

defective folding, processing, trafficking

Question 19

is antibiotic susceptibility testing useful in CF

Answer 19

does not predict clinical outcome

give one abx for each organism on culture, 2 if possible for each gram neg

Question 20

why are males infertile in CF

Answer 20

absent vas deferens

Question 21

IMprove survival in IPF

Answer 21

lung transplant

Question 22

Improve exercise tolerance in IPF

Answer 22

supplemental oxygen

Question 23

improve QOL in IPF

Answer 23

pulm rehab

Question 24

ground glass opacity in IPF?

Answer 24

minimal

compare NSIP with ground glass predominance- without evidence honeycombing, temporally uniform histology

Question 25

Where is COP in the chest

Answer 25

peripheral predominant

Question 26

subpleural sparing in

Answer 26

hypersens pneumonitis

Question 27

AIP histological hallmark

Answer 27

prominence and uniformity of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic proliferation

Question 28

acute hypersensiticity pneumonitis what type reaction?

chronic?

Answer 28

Type III
Type IV

see GRANULOMAS on histology which distinuguishes from IPF

Question 29

ILD in CTD which patterns

Answer 29

RA- UIP

NSIP- others

Question 30

methotrexate and amiodarone pneumonitis

Answer 30

stop drug give CS

remember nitrofurantoin can do acute or chronic too

Question 31

upper and lower lobe fibrosis

SCHART RASCO

Answer 31

upper

Sarcoid
Coal workers pneumoconiosis
Histiocytosis
Ank spond
Radiation 
TB

lower

RA
Asbestosis
Scleroderma
Cryptogenic fibrosing alvelolitis - IPF
Others: mtx, amiod, bleomycin, hydralazine