Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
What are two diseases of the LRT?
Asthma and COPD (emphysema, chronic bronchitis)
What are Bronchodilation Drugs?
Drugs that drugs that relax smooth muscles in the respiratory system that causes bronchodilation and allows for more air to enter deeper into the lungs
What are the Three classes of Bronchodilators?
Beta adrenergic Agonists
Anticholinergic
Xanthine derivatives
What is the MoA of ß-Adrenergic Agonists?
Cause dilation of smooth muscles in the lungs by binding to receptors B-2 which causes cellular chemical that result in smooth muscle relaxation. May loose specific B2 actions in larger doses.
What are the three sub types of ß-Adrenergic Agonists: What dose each of these sub types stimulate?
- Non selective adrenergic drugs stimulates B1 and B2 receptors (epinephrine)
- Non selective B 2 drugs: stimulates B1 and B2 receptors (isoproterenol)
- Selective B2 drugs: stimulates mainly B2 receptors (salbutamol)
What are the Indications of ß-Adrenergic Agonists?
Relief of bronchospasms relating to asthma
Treatment and Prevention of Asthma attacks
Hypotension
shock
Contraindications of ß-Adrenergic Agonists:
allergy, risk of stroke, arrythmias
Adverse Effects of ß-Adrenergic Agonists?
Hyperglycemia, cardiac stimulation, anorexia, insomnia, anginal pain, vascular headache, tremor
List the ß-Adrenergic Agonists drugs you need to know for the Exam
Salbutamol, Salmeterol, budesonide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate
What is the MoA of Anticholinergics?
this drug will bind to acetylcholine receptors to prevent acetylcholine binding to the receptor and causing bronchoconstriction. Reduces secretion in patients due to drying effect
what are the Indications of Anticholinergics?
Prevention of bronchospasms relating to COPD
What are the contraindications of Anticholinergics?
allergy. Caution in patients with glaucoma and BPH
What are the adverse effects of Anticholinergics drugs?
increased intraocular pressure, urinary retention, GI distress, heart palpitations, dry mouth
List the Anticholinergic Drugs you need to Know for the Exam
Ipratropium Bromide
What is the MoA of Xanthine Derivatives?
increase the levels of cAMP in the body by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down cAMP. cAMP contributes to smooth muscle relaxation which causes bronchodilation
What are the indications of Xanthine Derivatives?
When dilation of the airways is needed (asthma and COPD)
in cases of milder asthma
prevention of asthma symptoms
primes infants respiratory and cardiac systems
What are the contraindications of Xanthine derivatives?
drug allergy, uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias, seizures, hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcers
Adverse effects of Xanthine Derivatives?
GER while sleeping, tachycardia, palpitations, increased urinations, hyperglycemia, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
List the Xanthine Derivative drugs you need to know for the Exam
Prescription Caffeine and Theophylline
What are Nonbronchodilating drugs?
Drugs that also treat the the symptoms of respiratory illnesses , but do not cause bronchodilation
List the drug subtypes of Nonbronchodilating drugs
Leukotriene receptor agonists
corticosteroids
What is the MoA of Leukotriene Receptor Agonists (LTRA) drugs?
binds to D4 receptors in the respiratory tract to prevent leukotrienes from binding to receptors and causing inflammation
What are the indications of LTRA drugs?
long term treatment and prevention of asthma
What are the Contraindications of LTRA’s?
drug allergy, Allergy to povidone, lactose, titanium dioxide, or cellulose derivatives, previous adverse reaction to drug
Adverse effects of LTRA?
liver dysfunction. Zafirlukast may cause: headache, nausea, diarrhea
List the LTRA drugs you need to know for the exam
Montelukast
What are Corticosteroids?
drugs used in the treatment of pulmonary illness due to their anti-inflammatory effects.
What is the MoA of Corticosteroids?
exact MoA unsure. Stabilize membranes of cells that release bronchoconstriction substances; enhancing the activity of ß-agonists; reduces inflammation
What are the indications of Corticosteroids?
treatment of bronchospastic disorders
persistent asthma
in combo with B adrenergic agonists
severe acute asthma
Contraindications of Corticosteroids?
drug allergy, sole therapy of asthma, hypersensitivity of glucosteroids, candida organisms, fungal infections
Adverse effects of Corticosteroids?
coughing, pharyngeal irritation, dry mouth, oral fungal infections
List the Corticosteroids drug you need to know for the exam
beclomethasone dipropionate
budesonide
fluticasone propionate
List the Nursing implications of Respiratory drugs (NOT all of them)
encourage patient to take actions that prevent the onset of respiratory symptoms (avoid heat, avoid respiratory irritants), adequate fluid intake; preform complete health assessment; ensure patient knows proper use of medication;
