Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

What are two diseases of the LRT?

Answer 1

Asthma and COPD (emphysema, chronic bronchitis)

Question 2

What are Bronchodilation Drugs?

Answer 2

Drugs that drugs that relax smooth muscles in the respiratory system that causes bronchodilation and allows for more air to enter deeper into the lungs

Question 3

What are the Three classes of Bronchodilators?

Answer 3

Beta adrenergic Agonists
Anticholinergic
Xanthine derivatives

Question 4

What is the MoA of ß-Adrenergic Agonists?

Answer 4

Cause dilation of smooth muscles in the lungs by binding to receptors B-2 which causes cellular chemical that result in smooth muscle relaxation. May loose specific B2 actions in larger doses.

Question 5

What are the three sub types of ß-Adrenergic Agonists: What dose each of these sub types stimulate?

Answer 5

1. Non selective adrenergic drugs stimulates B1 and B2 receptors (epinephrine)
2. Non selective B 2 drugs: stimulates B1 and B2 receptors (isoproterenol)
3. Selective B2 drugs: stimulates mainly B2 receptors (salbutamol)

Question 6

What are the Indications of ß-Adrenergic Agonists?

Answer 6

Relief of bronchospasms relating to asthma
Treatment and Prevention of Asthma attacks
Hypotension
shock

Question 7

Contraindications of ß-Adrenergic Agonists:

Answer 7

allergy, risk of stroke, arrythmias

Question 8

Adverse Effects of ß-Adrenergic Agonists?

Answer 8

Hyperglycemia, cardiac stimulation, anorexia, insomnia, anginal pain, vascular headache, tremor

Question 9

List the ß-Adrenergic Agonists drugs you need to know for the Exam

Answer 9

Salbutamol, Salmeterol, budesonide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate

Question 10

What is the MoA of Anticholinergics?

Answer 10

this drug will bind to acetylcholine receptors to prevent acetylcholine binding to the receptor and causing bronchoconstriction. Reduces secretion in patients due to drying effect

Question 11

what are the Indications of Anticholinergics?

Answer 11

Prevention of bronchospasms relating to COPD

Question 12

What are the contraindications of Anticholinergics?

Answer 12

allergy. Caution in patients with glaucoma and BPH

Question 13

What are the adverse effects of Anticholinergics drugs?

Answer 13

increased intraocular pressure, urinary retention, GI distress, heart palpitations, dry mouth

Question 14

List the Anticholinergic Drugs you need to Know for the Exam

Answer 14

Ipratropium Bromide

Question 15

What is the MoA of Xanthine Derivatives?

Answer 15

increase the levels of cAMP in the body by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down cAMP. cAMP contributes to smooth muscle relaxation which causes bronchodilation

Question 16

What are the indications of Xanthine Derivatives?

Answer 16

When dilation of the airways is needed (asthma and COPD)
in cases of milder asthma
prevention of asthma symptoms
primes infants respiratory and cardiac systems

Question 17

What are the contraindications of Xanthine derivatives?

Answer 17

drug allergy, uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias, seizures, hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcers

Question 18

Adverse effects of Xanthine Derivatives?

Answer 18

GER while sleeping, tachycardia, palpitations, increased urinations, hyperglycemia, nausea, vomiting, anorexia

Question 19

List the Xanthine Derivative drugs you need to know for the Exam

Answer 19

Prescription Caffeine and Theophylline

Question 20

What are Nonbronchodilating drugs?

Answer 20

Drugs that also treat the the symptoms of respiratory illnesses , but do not cause bronchodilation

Question 21

List the drug subtypes of Nonbronchodilating drugs

Answer 21

Leukotriene receptor agonists
corticosteroids

Question 22

What is the MoA of Leukotriene Receptor Agonists (LTRA) drugs?

Answer 22

binds to D4 receptors in the respiratory tract to prevent leukotrienes from binding to receptors and causing inflammation

Question 23

What are the indications of LTRA drugs?

Answer 23

long term treatment and prevention of asthma

Question 24

What are the Contraindications of LTRA’s?

Answer 24

drug allergy, Allergy to povidone, lactose, titanium dioxide, or cellulose derivatives, previous adverse reaction to drug

Question 25

Adverse effects of LTRA?

Answer 25

liver dysfunction. Zafirlukast may cause: headache, nausea, diarrhea

Question 26

List the LTRA drugs you need to know for the exam

Answer 26

Montelukast

Question 27

What are Corticosteroids?

Answer 27

drugs used in the treatment of pulmonary illness due to their anti-inflammatory effects.

Question 28

What is the MoA of Corticosteroids?

Answer 28

exact MoA unsure. Stabilize membranes of cells that release bronchoconstriction substances; enhancing the activity of ß-agonists; reduces inflammation

Question 29

What are the indications of Corticosteroids?

Answer 29

treatment of bronchospastic disorders
persistent asthma
in combo with B adrenergic agonists
severe acute asthma

Question 30

Contraindications of Corticosteroids?

Answer 30

drug allergy, sole therapy of asthma, hypersensitivity of glucosteroids, candida organisms, fungal infections

Question 31

Adverse effects of Corticosteroids?

Answer 31

coughing, pharyngeal irritation, dry mouth, oral fungal infections

Question 32

List the Corticosteroids drug you need to know for the exam

Answer 32

beclomethasone dipropionate
budesonide
fluticasone propionate

Question 33

List the Nursing implications of Respiratory drugs (NOT all of them)

Answer 33

encourage patient to take actions that prevent the onset of respiratory symptoms (avoid heat, avoid respiratory irritants), adequate fluid intake; preform complete health assessment; ensure patient knows proper use of medication;