Antibiotics 2

Question 1

What are Multidrug resistant Organisms? What are Examples?

Answer 1

Organisms that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
Organisms producing extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs)
Organisms producing Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenems (KPC)

Question 2

What is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?

Answer 2

Is the measure of the lowest concentration of a drug needed to kill a standard amount of bacteria

Question 3

What is time dependent killing?

Answer 3

The amount of time the drug is above the MICQ

Question 4

What is Concentration dependant killing?

Answer 4

Achieving a drug plasma concentration that is above the MIC

Question 5

Can you give Aminoglycosides Orally?

Answer 5

No as they have poor oral absorption

Question 6

What is the MoA of Aminoglycosides?

Answer 6

similar to tetracyclines; They inhibit bacteria protein synthesis by binding to the 30s ribosomes.

Question 7

What are the Indications of Aminoglycosides?

Answer 7

Gram negative bacteria
Synergistic effect when given with other antibiotics
Use for some gram positive infections that are resistant to other antibiotics

Question 8

What are the Contraindications of Aminoglycosides

Answer 8

Allergy

Question 9

What are the Adverse effects of Aminoglycosides?

Answer 9

kidney damage, auditory impairment

headache
fever
vertigo
skin rash
drink up to 3000 mL of fluids a day, eat probiotic foods

Question 10

What are the Aminoglycoside drug you need to know for the Exam?

Answer 10

Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Neomycin

Question 11

What are the peak and trough levels of Gentamicin & Tobramycin

Answer 11

Peak: 5-10mcg/mL
Trough: < 2mcg/mL

Question 12

What is the MoA of Quinolones?

Answer 12

Are broad spectrum drugs, effective against gram negative and some positive MOs. Alters the MOs DNA via interference with bacteria’s enzymes

Question 13

What are the indications of Quinolones?

Answer 13

Gram positive and negative bacteria
UTI, respiratory, bone/joint, gastrointestinal, skin infections

Question 14

What are the Contraindications of Quinolones?

Answer 14

allergy

Question 15

What are the adverse effects of Quinolones?

Answer 15

headache, dizziness, insomnia, depression, NVD, dysphagia, rash, blurred vison

Question 16

List the Quinolone drugs you need to know for the exam

Answer 16

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

Question 17

Where can Quinolones be used?

Answer 17

Eye injections
injections in bone, joints, soft tissues
inhaled for RTIs
UTIs and STDs

Question 18

Clindamycin’s MoA, indications

Answer 18

can be bacteriostatic or cidal depending on dose
inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria
is used for chronic bone infections, GU infections, intrabdominal infection, and for C.diff

Question 19

Metronidazole’s MoA and indications

Answer 19

Is an antibiotic used for anerobic organisms, intrabdominal and gynecological infections, for protozoa. Works by interfering with bacteria’s DNA synthesis

Question 20

Vancomycin MoA and indications

Answer 20

For MRSA and gram positive infections, C.diff, staphylococcal. Works by inhibiting the cell wall of the MO. Red man syndrome may occur

Question 21

Name all the Miscellaneous Antibiotics you need to know for the exam

Answer 21

Vancomycin
Metronidazole
Clindamycin

Question 22

What are some Nursing implications for these antibiotics?

Answer 22

Asses drug allergies and potential interactions
obtain HH
ALWAYS OBTAIN A CULTURE
instruct pt to take antibiotics as prescribed
Asses for super infection
ensure you are giving the right antibiotic
monitor for therapeutic effect