Antibiotics 2 Flashcards
What are Multidrug resistant Organisms? What are Examples?
Organisms that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
Organisms producing extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs)
Organisms producing Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenems (KPC)
What is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)?
Is the measure of the lowest concentration of a drug needed to kill a standard amount of bacteria
What is time dependent killing?
The amount of time the drug is above the MICQ
What is Concentration dependant killing?
Achieving a drug plasma concentration that is above the MIC
Can you give Aminoglycosides Orally?
No as they have poor oral absorption
What is the MoA of Aminoglycosides?
similar to tetracyclines; They inhibit bacteria protein synthesis by binding to the 30s ribosomes.
What are the Indications of Aminoglycosides?
Gram negative bacteria
Synergistic effect when given with other antibiotics
Use for some gram positive infections that are resistant to other antibiotics
What are the Contraindications of Aminoglycosides
Allergy
What are the Adverse effects of Aminoglycosides?
kidney damage, auditory impairment
headache
fever
vertigo
skin rash
drink up to 3000 mL of fluids a day, eat probiotic foods
What are the Aminoglycoside drug you need to know for the Exam?
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Neomycin
What are the peak and trough levels of Gentamicin & Tobramycin
Peak: 5-10mcg/mL
Trough: < 2mcg/mL
What is the MoA of Quinolones?
Are broad spectrum drugs, effective against gram negative and some positive MOs. Alters the MOs DNA via interference with bacteria’s enzymes
What are the indications of Quinolones?
Gram positive and negative bacteria
UTI, respiratory, bone/joint, gastrointestinal, skin infections
What are the Contraindications of Quinolones?
allergy
What are the adverse effects of Quinolones?
headache, dizziness, insomnia, depression, NVD, dysphagia, rash, blurred vison
List the Quinolone drugs you need to know for the exam
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Where can Quinolones be used?
Eye injections
injections in bone, joints, soft tissues
inhaled for RTIs
UTIs and STDs
Clindamycin’s MoA, indications
can be bacteriostatic or cidal depending on dose
inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria
is used for chronic bone infections, GU infections, intrabdominal infection, and for C.diff
Metronidazole’s MoA and indications
Is an antibiotic used for anerobic organisms, intrabdominal and gynecological infections, for protozoa. Works by interfering with bacteria’s DNA synthesis
Vancomycin MoA and indications
For MRSA and gram positive infections, C.diff, staphylococcal. Works by inhibiting the cell wall of the MO. Red man syndrome may occur
Name all the Miscellaneous Antibiotics you need to know for the exam
Vancomycin
Metronidazole
Clindamycin
What are some Nursing implications for these antibiotics?
Asses drug allergies and potential interactions
obtain HH
ALWAYS OBTAIN A CULTURE
instruct pt to take antibiotics as prescribed
Asses for super infection
ensure you are giving the right antibiotic
monitor for therapeutic effect
