Respiratory Drugs

Question 1

drugs that block the release or action of hist-amine, a chemical released during inflammation that increases secretions and narrows airwavs

Answer 1

antihistamines

Question 2

drugs that block the cough reflex

Answer 2

antitussives

Question 3

drugs that decrease the blood flow to the upper respiratory tract and decrease the overproduction of secretions

Answer 3

decongestants

Question 4

drugs that increase productive cough to clear the airways

Answer 4

expectorants

Question 5

drugs that increase or liquefy respiratory secretions to aid the clearing of the airways

Answer 5

mucolytics

Question 6

A process that occurs when the nasal passages become congested as the effect of a decongestant drug wears off; patients tend to use more drug to decrease the congestion, and a vicious circle of conges-tion, drug, and congestion develops, leading to abuse of the decongestant; also called rhinitis medicamentosa

Answer 6

rebound congestion

Question 7

Reflex reaction to vasoconstriction caused by decongestants; a rebound vasodilation that often leads to prolonged overuse of decongestants; also called rebound congestion

Answer 7

rhinitis medicamentosa

Question 8

Medication used to facilitate respirations by dilating the airways; helpful in symptomatic relief or prevention of bronchial asthma and bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 8

bronchodilator

Question 9

Abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by apneic periods followed by periods of tachypnea; may reflect delayed blood flow through the brain

Answer 9

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Question 10

Drugs that selectively and competitively block or antagonize receptors for the production of leukotrienes D4 and E4, components of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRSA)

Answer 10

leukotriene receptor antagonists

Question 11

Drug that works at the cellular level to inhibit the release of histamine (released from mast cells in response to inflammation or irritation) and the release of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRSA)

Answer 11

mast cell stabilizer

Question 12

Drugs that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

sympathomimetics

Question 13

Naturally occurring substances, including caffeine and theophylline, that have a direct effect on the smooth muscle of the respiratory tract, both in the bronchi and in the blood vessels

Answer 13

xanthines

Question 14

These drugs dilates the brochi and broncioles which decreases the resistance in the respiratory airway and increasing airflow to the lungs;
- Xanthines
- Sympathomimetics
- Anticholinergics

Answer 14

BRONCHODILATORS/ ANTIASTHMATICS

Question 15

It is an inflammation of the lungs caused either by bacterial or viral invasion of the tissue or by aspiration of foreign substances into the lower respiratory tract.

Answer 15

Pneumonia

Question 16

It is a chronic disease that involves the bronchi and bronchioles. It is characterized by dilation of the bronchial tree and chronic infection and inflammation of the bronchial passages.

Answer 16

Bronchiectasis

Question 17

It is characterized by reversible bronchospasm, inflam-mation, and hyperactive airways

Answer 17

Asthma

Question 18

It occurs when bacteria, viruses, or foreign materials infect the inner layer of the bronchi. There is an immediate inflammatory reaction at the site of the infection, resulting in swelling, increased blood flow in that area, and changes in capillary permeability, leading to leakage of proteins into the area.

Answer 18

Acute bronchitis

Question 19

It occurs when the epithelial lining of the sinus cavities becomes inflamed.

Answer 19

Sinusitis

Question 20

These are infections of the pharynx and larynx, respectively. These infections are frequently caused by common bacteria or viruses. They are frequently seen with influenza, which is caused by a variety of different viruses and produces uncomfortable respiratory symptoms or other inflammations along with fever, muscle aches and pains, and malaise.

Answer 20

Pharyngitis and laryngitis