Antibiotic Drugs

Question 1

It works by disrupting protein or enzyme systems within a bacterium, causing cell death (bactericidal) or preventing multiplication (bacteriostatic).

Answer 1

Antibiotics

Question 2

bacteria that depend on oxygen for survival

Answer 2

aerobic

Question 3

bacteria that survive without oxygen, which are often seen when blood flow is cut off to an area of the body

Answer 3

anaerobic

Question 4

chemical that is able to inhibit the growth of specific bacteria or cause the death of susceptible bacteria

Answer 4

Antibiotic

Question 5

bacteria that accept a negative stain and are frequently associated with infections of the genitourinary or GI tract

Answer 5

gram-negative

Question 6

bacteria that take a positive stain and are frequently associated with infections of the respiratory tract and soft tissues

Answer 6

gram-positive

Question 7

drugs that work together to increase drug effectiveness

Answer 7

synergistic

Question 8

It inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria. These drugs are reserved for use in serious infections because of potentially serious adverse effects. Monitor for ototoxicity, renal toxicity, Gl disturbances, bone marrow depression, and superinfections.

Answer 8

Aminoglycosides

Question 9

Drugs that are used to treat serious infections caused by a wide range of bacteria. The nursing responsibility with this drug is to monitor for Gl effects, serious diarrhea, dizziness, and superinfections.

Answer 9

Carbapenems

Question 10

These are a large group of antibiotics, similar to penicillin, that are effective against a wide range of bacteria. With this drug nurse should monitor for Gl upsets and diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, headache, dizziness, and superinfections.

Answer 10

Cephalosporins

Question 11

It inhibit the action of DNA enzymes in susceptible gram-negative bacteria. They are used to treat a wide range of infections. In this drug, monitor the patient for headache, dizziness, Gl upsets, and bone marrow depression, and caution the patient about the risk of photosensitivity reactions.

Answer 11

Fluoroquinolones

Question 12

These are one of the oldest classes of antibiotics, and many resistant strains have developed. These are used to treat a broad spectrum of infec-tions, including respiratory tract infections and UTIs.

Answer 12

penicillins

Question 13

These were created to combat bacteria that produce an enzyme to destroy the penicillin

Answer 13

penicilli-nase-resistant antibiotics

Question 14

This drug inhibits protein synthesis and prevent bacteria from multiplying. It can cause damage to developing teeth and bones and should not be used with pregnant women or children.

Answer 14

Tetracyclines

Question 15

These drugs are used in combination to increase effectiveness and decrease the emergence of resistant strains. These drugs are divided into first-line and second-line drugs. Adverse effects include rashes, an orange tint to body fluids, and Gl reactions.

Answer 15

Antituberculosis

Question 16

It is the only antibiotic now used to treat leprosy. Thalidomide recently was reintroduced to treat an unusual reaction many patients develop after being on dapsone.

Answer 16

Dapsone

Question 17

It blocks protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, leading to cell death. Telithromycin is the only ketolide currently available. It is used to treat community-acquired pneumonia. Monitor the patient for nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and CNS effects, including dizziness and headache.

Answer 17

Ketolides

Question 18

They are similar to macrolides but are more toxic. They are used to treat severe infections. Monitor the patient for pseudomembranous colitis, bone marrow depression, pain, and CNS effects.

Answer 18

Lincosamides