Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
coommon cold, sore throat, acute otitis media and sinusitis are all refered to as:
URTI
The common cold is the most common infection in childhood. True or False
True
What are the pathogens involved in coryza
rhinovirus, coronavirus and RSV
Antibiotics are necessary to treat the common cold. True or False
False
What is the most common pathogen involved in pharyngitis and tonsillitis?
Adenovirus
Grp A beta hemolytic strep in older children
CF in bacterial vs Viral Tonsillitis
marked headach apathy and tonsillar exudates abdominal pain are more common with bacterial
Treatment of bacterial pharyngitis
pen V or erythromycin for 10 days
Which drug causes widespread maculopapular rash if used to treat pharyngitis due to mono
Amoxicillin
Group A strep puts a patient at risk for:
Scarlet fever
7 yr old pt with fever that precedes headache and tonsillitis two days after. On exam there is a sandpaper llike rash with flushed cheeks and perioral sparing. The pt has a white and coated tongue which is mildly swollen. How is this pt treated?
This pt has Scarlet fever that is caused by GAS. Rx is pen v or erythromycin.
What is this pt with fever and rash at risk for?
acute glomerulonephritis
Which age group is acute otitis media more common in?
6-12 mo
why are children more proned to ear infections?
because their eustachian tube is shorter and more horizontal.
A 8 month old infant presents to the ED irritable and with a fever. What is the most important thing to do on examination?
examine the ear to check for ear infection
What is seen on examination of the ear?
erythematous bulging with loss of normal light reflex
Glue ear describes what
otitis media with effusion ear drum is dull and retracted
Antibiotics are first line treatment for ear in fections. trie or false?
False. Antibiotics are not first line but are used if the infection does not resolve within 2-3 days
otitis media is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children. True or false
true. it can interfere with speech development and result in learning difficulties
how is glue ear treated?
grommet insertion
Define Stridor
harsh inspiratory sound due to partial obstruction of the lower part of the upper airway
central cyanosis drooling or reduced level of consciousness are suggestive of what?
impending airway collapse
What is the most reliable measure of hypoxaemia
pulse ox
hypoxaemia is an early ssign of upper airway obstruction true or false
false it is a late sign of obstruction
A spatula can be used to examine the throat of a pt with stridor. True or False
Spatulas should NOT be used to examine pt with stridor bc it may precipitate complete airway collapse
What is the most common cause of acute stridor?
Croup
A two yr old boy presents to the ED with coryzal symptoms,and a fever which measured 38C. He has a severe cough and appears unwell. on examination there is chest wall retraction. There is marked stridor and he has a hoarse voice. How is this patient treated?
This patient has Croup and is most likely caused by the parainfluenza virus. Oral dexa,pred or nebulised steroids like budesonide should relieve symptoms. IF severe , neb epinehrine should be given with oxyge.
Intense swelling of the epiglottis and the surounding tissue assoc with septicaemia is know as
Epiglottitis
Epiglottititis is a caused by the influenza virus. True or falsie
False it is caused by h influenzae type B.
5 yo girl develops severe sore throat drooling of saliva a high fever and increasing difficulty breathing over 8 hrs. The child is refusing to eat and has soft inspiratory stridor. How should this child be treated?
This child should be admitted to the the PIcu.Senior anaesthetist ENT and pediatrician should be briefed and the child intubatted under general anaesthesia.Tube could be removed after 24 hrs. Antibiotics should be given for 3-5 days e.g. cefuroxime
A patient presents with high fever , has a toxic look and loud harsh stridor. what is the diagnosis
bacterial tracheitis
differential for chronic stridor
laryngmalacia
vascular ring
what is the most common severe infection of infancy ( under 1 year old)
Bronchiolitis
RSV is the responsible pathogen in what infection
Bronchiolitis
Severe bronchiolitis causative agents
human metapneumovirus and RSV
A 3 month old boy presents to the ED with a dry wheezy cough difficulty fedding on examinationpt is tachypnoeaic and tachycardic. There are chest wall and subcostal recessions. On auscultation there is fine end inspiratory crackles. A high pitched end expiratory wheeze is appreciated. SpO2 is 90%.How should this patient be managed?
This pt should be admitted.GIven IVfluids and humidified oxygen. NG or orogastric tube shoul be inserted. Consider CPAP or mech vent if condition does not improve. Infection control measures should be used when attending to such patients.
What prophylactic measure is used in preterm infants to decrease risk of Bronchiolitis?
IM palivizumab given on a monthly basis
