Neonatal Medicine

Question 1

What infection is a newborn ost susceptible to ?

Answer 1

GBS

Question 2

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopath is a major cause of deathworldwide

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Causes of HIE

Answer 3

prolonged uterine contractinos, abruption, ruptured uterus, cord compression or prolapse,inadequate maternal placental perfusion, IUGR,anaemia, failure of cardio resp adaptation.

Question 4

Classes of HIE

Answer 4

Mild-irritable staring of eyes, hyperventilation,hypertonia,impaired feeding
Moderate- the infant shows abnormalites of movement hypotonia seizures and cannot feed
Severe-no normal spontaneous movements or response to pain, hypo or hyper tonia,MOF!

Question 5

How to treat HIE

Answer 5

neuroprotective cooling within 6 hrs of birth, resp support, anticonvulsants ionotrope support, treat hypoglycemia, electrolyte imbalance.

Question 6

Newborn baby is born at 36 weeks gestation. The mother was diabetic and had a prolonged labour. The baby is now irritable, hypotonic and not feeding. The nurse tells you that the baby had a seixure a coule minutes ago. How do you treat this patient.

Answer 6

this pt has HIE and treatment is with neuroprotective cooling and fluid restriction monitor for hypoglycemia. Also give an anticonvulsant.

Question 7

A newborn baby is has bruising and edema of the presenting part.extending beyond the margins of the skull bones.

Answer 7

Caput succedaneum

Question 8

A newborn baby presents with a haematoma confin ed to the margins around the parietal bone. The centre is soft.

Answer 8

this is bleeding below the periosteum aka cephalohaematoma.

Question 9

What is chignon

Answer 9

Bruising from ventouse delivery

Question 10

Diffuse boggy swelling of salp on examination blood loss may be severe leading to shock and coagulopathies.

Answer 10

subaponeurotic haemorrhage

Question 11

Injury to what nerve root results in Erb’s palsy?

Answer 11

C5 and C6

Question 12

Hyaline membrane disease is also known as

Answer 12

Resp distress syndrome

Question 13

What is the pathophysiology of RDS?

Answer 13

Deficiency of surfactant secreted from the type 2 pneumocytes

Question 14

Prematurity is a risk factor for RDS true or false

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Which drug is given antenatally to decrease the incidence of periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulm hemorrhage and RDS

Answer 15

glucocorticoids

Question 16

At birth a neonate is found to be is tachypnoeic with a RR of 62bpm, with laboured breathing expiratory grunting and cyanotic. How would you treat this pt?

Answer 16

this patient has RDS.treat with raised ambient oxygen. non invasive continuous positive airway pressure. monitor chest wall molvements and blood gases