Respiratory disorders Flashcards
what tissue structure makes up the bronchii and alveoli?
- Airway smooth muscle
2. Elastic fibres
What regulates the smooth muscle airway contraction and relaxation?
1.Efferent pathways
(muscarinic m3 receptor mediates smooth muscle contraction, B2 adrenergic receptor mediates relaxation )
2.Sensory receptors+Respiratory inhibitors
(sensory receptors-Slow adapting stretch receptors, rapidly adapting irritant receptors. Respiratory inhibitors-ethanol,anti deppresents, barbituates)
What disorders are there in respiratory function?
lung expansion- often called compliance
How are disorders classified in resiratory disorders?
by obstructive or rescrictive
Rescrictive disorder?
Interfere with compliance or elasicity
2 examples of rescrictive disorders?
- Emphysema
2. Cystic Fibrosis
What is emphysema?
increased comliance and reduced elasticity
caused by bulid up of toxins from cigarette smoke, build up of mucus
leads to fibrosis of tissue and destruction of capillary walls and alveolar sacs
What are the consequences of a build up of Co2 in the lungs?
leads to respiratory acidosis, leading to asphyxia
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
Over production of mucus
Genetic mutation
scar tissue develops
Obstructive and restrictive
2 examples of obstructive disorders?
- Bronchitis (Inflammation from respiratory infection)
2. Bronchial Asthma (reversible obstruction of airways, giving attacks of dypsnoa and acute asthma attacks)
What is the definition of Ostructive disorders?
reduce the size of the bronchial passages and therefore interfere with the airflow
Pulmonary function tests show on rescritive disorders…
reduction in vital capacity
Pulmonary function tests show on obstructive disorders…
Decreasing FEV1 and increased FVC (thats bad)
What is FEV1 ?
Forced expiration volume-Percentage of forced vital capacity which can be expelled in the first second
Whats FEV?
Average flow rate for a specified volume
