Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

collapsed lung, resorption, compression, contraction

A

Atelectasis

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2
Q

air accumulation within the pleural cavity, may be spontaneous (idiopathic) or traumatic (shank to the thorax), may cause compression atelectasis or tension pneumothorax (life-threatening)

A

Pneumothorax

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3
Q

Lobar pneumonia is commonly the result of

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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4
Q

most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae, green sputum, rapid onset

A

Community-acquired acute pneumonia

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5
Q

symptoms do not correlate with clinical findings (no consolidation on chest film), most commonly Mycoplasma pneumoniae, prison, schools

A

Community-acquired atypical pneumonia

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6
Q

permanent destruction of alveolar septa, inflammation, obstructive airway disease (wheezing), strongly associated with smoking or α1-antitrypsin deficiency, barrel chest, “pink puffer”

A

Emphysema

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7
Q

bronchial inflammation, obstructive airway disease, smoking, smog, adult males, productive cough for 3 months in 2 consecutive years, cyanosis, obese, “blue bloater”

A

Chronic bronchitis

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8
Q

combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis, 10% of U.S. adults

A

COPD

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9
Q

necrotizing infection of bronchi, tissue destruction, purulent sputum

A

Bronchiectasis

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10
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, elderly, urban poor, AIDS, malnutrition, Mantoux test (type IV hypersensitivity), caseating granuloma development, upper lung fields (cavitation), miliary spread, vertebral column (Pott disease), liver, lymph nodes, night sweats, fever in the afternoon, hemoptysis

A

Tuberculosis

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11
Q

idiopathic, multisystem inflammation, non-caseating granuloma (lungs), African Americans, more common among non-smokers, incidental finding, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, skin lesions

A

Sarcoidosis

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12
Q

autoimmune, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndrome (DASH), primarily affects the lung (hemoptysis) and kidneys (hematuria)

A

Goodpasture syndrome

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13
Q

diffuse alveolar capillary and epithelial damage, severe trauma, sepsis, rapid onset, dyspnea, cyanosis, life-threatening, hyaline membrane disease

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

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14
Q

deep vein thrombosis dislodges and stops in pulmonary artery capillaries, may be lethal is large enough (cor pulmonale), small emboli are phagocytized without distress, may cause pulmonary hypertension

A

Pulmonary embolism

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15
Q

increased pulmonary vessel blood pressure(BP) above ¼ systemic BP, result of vessel destruction or obstruction (pulmonary embolus), increased pulmonary vessel blood volume (left-to-right shunt), chroming interstitial lung disease

A

Pulmonary hypertension

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16
Q

(AKA bronchogenic carcinoma), strong association with smoking (squamous cell and small-cell carcinomas) most common type is adenocarcinoma, most develop from bronchial epithelia cells, hemoptysis, asymptomatic until late

A

Lung cancer

17
Q

inspiration of asbestos is strongest risk, lesion of pleural cavity, long latency (20-40 years), lethal

A

Malignant mesothelioma