Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
collapsed lung, resorption, compression, contraction
Atelectasis
air accumulation within the pleural cavity, may be spontaneous (idiopathic) or traumatic (shank to the thorax), may cause compression atelectasis or tension pneumothorax (life-threatening)
Pneumothorax
Lobar pneumonia is commonly the result of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae, green sputum, rapid onset
Community-acquired acute pneumonia
symptoms do not correlate with clinical findings (no consolidation on chest film), most commonly Mycoplasma pneumoniae, prison, schools
Community-acquired atypical pneumonia
permanent destruction of alveolar septa, inflammation, obstructive airway disease (wheezing), strongly associated with smoking or α1-antitrypsin deficiency, barrel chest, “pink puffer”
Emphysema
bronchial inflammation, obstructive airway disease, smoking, smog, adult males, productive cough for 3 months in 2 consecutive years, cyanosis, obese, “blue bloater”
Chronic bronchitis
combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis, 10% of U.S. adults
COPD
necrotizing infection of bronchi, tissue destruction, purulent sputum
Bronchiectasis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, elderly, urban poor, AIDS, malnutrition, Mantoux test (type IV hypersensitivity), caseating granuloma development, upper lung fields (cavitation), miliary spread, vertebral column (Pott disease), liver, lymph nodes, night sweats, fever in the afternoon, hemoptysis
Tuberculosis
idiopathic, multisystem inflammation, non-caseating granuloma (lungs), African Americans, more common among non-smokers, incidental finding, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, skin lesions
Sarcoidosis
autoimmune, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndrome (DASH), primarily affects the lung (hemoptysis) and kidneys (hematuria)
Goodpasture syndrome
diffuse alveolar capillary and epithelial damage, severe trauma, sepsis, rapid onset, dyspnea, cyanosis, life-threatening, hyaline membrane disease
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
deep vein thrombosis dislodges and stops in pulmonary artery capillaries, may be lethal is large enough (cor pulmonale), small emboli are phagocytized without distress, may cause pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary embolism
increased pulmonary vessel blood pressure(BP) above ¼ systemic BP, result of vessel destruction or obstruction (pulmonary embolus), increased pulmonary vessel blood volume (left-to-right shunt), chroming interstitial lung disease
Pulmonary hypertension