Endocrine Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

most commonly from a pituitary adenoma

A

Hyperpituitarism

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2
Q

requires loss of ≥75% of the pituitary gland, infarction or pituitary adenoma

A

Hypopituitarism

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3
Q

adults, increased hands, feet, mandible, macroglossia, lethal cardiomegaly

A

Acromegaly

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4
Q

children, increased long bone growth

A

Gigantism

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5
Q

elevated T3 & T4

A

Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)

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6
Q

autoimmune, hyperfunctioning thyroid gland, thyromegaly (goiter), exophthalmoses, pretibial myxedema, insomnia, weight loss, fatigue, rapid/irregular heartbeat, most common among females

A

Graves’ disease

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7
Q

reduced T3 & T4, reduced basal metabolic rate, weight gain, cold intolerant, psychological depression

A

Hypothyroidism

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8
Q

hypothyroidism in children, iodine deficiency, short stature, mental retardation, abnormal facial bone development, protruding tongue

A

Cretinism

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9
Q

adolescents and adults, apathy, mental sluggishness, obese

A

Myxemia

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10
Q

autoimmune, gaiter, weight gain, older females

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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11
Q

parathyroid adenoma, most are asymptomatic, postmenopausal females, hypercalcemia, erosion of the bony cortex on the radial side of the middle phalange, salt-and-pepper skull, brown “tumor,” nausea, myalgia, mental confusion, “painful bones, renal stones, and psychic moans”

A

Hyperparathyroidism

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12
Q

both forms damage the kidneys, peripheral nerves, retina, vessel walls (gangrene, hypertension, atherosclerosis), myocardium

A

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

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13
Q

autoimmune disease, destruction of pancreatic cells (islet beta cells) by T cells, inability to produce insulin (absolute insulin deficiency), requires insulin injections, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss. Previously, Type I DM was termed “juvenile onset diabetes” and commonly develops in late childhood/adolescence.

A

Type I DM

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14
Q

insulin resistance (relative insulin deficiency), strongly associated with obesity, requires weight loss (diet and exercise), associated with diabetic neuropathy (ulcerations, gangrene), immunosuppression, and reduced healing. Commonly develops among those age 40-60 years

A

Type II DM

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15
Q

(not a pancreatic disorder) results from either a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production by the pituitary gland or an insensitivity of the kidney to ADH: polydipsia (excessive thirst) is main feature, polyuria, no excessive glucose in urine

A

Diabetes insipidus

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16
Q

reversible parenchymal damage, result of biliary tract disease (gallstones) alcoholism, or trauma; acute abdominal pain, medical emergency due to possible release of pancreatic enzymes into abdomen

A

Acute pancreatitis

17
Q

irreversible parenchymal damage and fibrosis, from chronic alcoholism or cystic fibrosis, middle-age males, malabsorption

A

Chronic pancreatitis

18
Q

(chronic adrenal insufficiency): autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex, insufficient cortisol production, weight loss, weakness/fatigue, hypotension, anorexia, nausea, hyperpigmentation of skin

A

Addison’s disease

19
Q

(hypercortisolism): from a pituitary or adrenal adenoma or from exogenous corticosteroid therapy: weight gain (“moon facies,” “buffalo hump,” truncal obesity, purple striae), young adults

A

Cushing syndrome