Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MedSurg P.M > respiratory disorders > Flashcards

respiratory disorders Flashcards

1
Q

(+) stretch receptors — (+) medulla via vagus nerve (CN 10): When you breathe in, stretch
receptors in your lungs detect that the lungs are expanding.

A

Inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pharyngitis can also occur with **(aka “mono”), a viral infection.

A

mononucleosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Congenital depression of the sternum that decreases the anterioposterio (A-P) diameter

A

Funnel Chest (pectus excavatum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most common causes are allergy and bacterial infection
o Damage to the mucusa of the sinuses are reversible

A

Acute Sinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

soft, high-pitched, and very brief
- sounds like a lock of hair rolled in between fingers

A

Fine Crackles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Onset of symptoms
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA

A

> 35 years > 50 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Not troubled with breathlessness except with strenuous exercise

A

0 None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(normal Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is
approximately )

A

3,300mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TREATMENT Viral pharyngitis

A

❖ salt water gargles
❖ pain relievers
❖ extra fluids t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

non-productive to productive cough (constant irritation to
the throat until it produces mucus that causes scar where bacterias will go hence infection or
inflammation)

A

Dry progressing to productive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

non-specific, cardiomegaly could be seen

A

Chest Radiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

refers to the amount of air can be inhaled after a normal or tidal inspiration

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Decreased PaO2 and increased PaCO2 in chronic bronchitis

A

Arterial Blood Gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Refers to the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of normal exhalation (approximately
1,200mL)

A

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

FEV 50%-80%

A

IIA COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Refers to the entire process of air flow between the human body and the atmosphere

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This is a protective reflex. When your lungs stretch too much during a deep breath, this
reflex tells your brain (via nerves) to stop inhaling to avoid over-expanding the lungs.

A

Hering-Breuer reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

condition characterized by the inflammation of the mucus
membrane lining the sinuses
* May either be a bacterial infection or secondary to a viral exposur

A

SINUSITIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

show hyperinflation with areas of local atelectasis

A

Chest X-rays –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DIAGNSOSIS for pharyngitis

A

laryngoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Refers to the amount of air in the lungs with maximal inspiration (approximately 6,000mL)
o Total of the four lung volumes: TV + IRV + ERV + RV

A

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

o Refers to a non-invasive method of assessing the functional capacity of the lungs
o Measures air flow rates and calculate lung volumes and lung capacities

A

Pulmonary Function Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A decrease in TV with a decrease in RR indicates a

A

neurological problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Refers to the maximal amount of air that can be exhaled after maximal inspiration
(approximately 5,000mL)
o Refers to the total of the TV, IRV and ERV

A

Vital Capacities (VC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

System that is primary responsible in replenishing oxygen supply in the body as well as in excreting carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere through the process of respiration

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Sputum specimens are best collected as patient awakens in the

A

morning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

This is the single most important factor. Use of voice during laryngitis results in incomplete or
delayed recovery. Complete voice rest is recommended although it is almost impossible to
achieve. If the patient needs to speak, the patient should be instructed to use a “confidential
voice;” that is, a normal phonatory voice at low volume without whispering or projecting.

A

. Voice rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

nvolves the use of local anesthesia and may be
accomplished through needle biopsy

A

Closed Techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Inflammatory Disorders

A

o Pharyngitis
o Laryngitis
o Sinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Because air
moves from high pressure to low
pressure, the lower pressure in the lungs
“sucks” air in from outside, allowing you
to breathe in oxygen

A

Sucking mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Creamy yellow or rusty sputum

A

staphylococcal pnemonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

pain caused by inflammation of the pleural membranes, is usually catching
in nature and produced by movement of the thoracic cage; commonly unilateral and
brought on by deep inspiration (pain w/ moving lungs; nasakit nu aganges nauneg)
o Intercostal pain — transient in nature and worse during coughing (nasakit nu aguyek

A

Pleuritic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cough - periodic forceful episodes that are difficult to control / brief episodes

A

Paroxysma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

show decreased oxygen saturation

A

Pulse Oximetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

often a mild and self-limiting condition that typically lasts for a period of 3 to 7 days.
▪ Acute laryngitis is a temporary condition caused by overusing the vocal cords. It can also be caused
by an infection. Treating the underlying condition causes the laryngitis to go away.

A

Acute laryngitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

condition where the pulmonary function test resulted in increased residual volume

A

chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

▪ condition lasts for over 3 weeks
▪ prolonged exposure to one of the risk factors
▪ Chronic laryngitis results from long-term exposure to irritants. It’s usually more severe and has
longer-lasting effects than acute laryngitis

A

Chronic laryngitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

A simple questionnaire used to determine nicotine dependence

A

Fagerstrom Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q
  • A term used to describe the symptom of breathlessness and is a common presentation of
    respiratory problems
  • A subjective symptom and varies from person to person
A

dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

tidal exchange of air between the lungs & at atmosphere that occurs with respiration

A

Ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

o A test to determine the presence of tuberculosis
o A small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) (0.1mL) is injected intradermally in the

A
  • Skin Test (Mantoux Test)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q
  • Is a condition characterized by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to various
    stimuli with resulting bronchospasm and inflammation of the bronchial mucosa
  • Episodic irreversible obstruction
  • Associated with allergens
A
  • BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Sputum is described in terms of:

A

Color\
coonsistenncy
amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Obstructive Diseases Affecting the
Lower Airways

A

o COPD
o Bronchial Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q
  • soft, low-pitched soundsthat are heard over the majority of the lung fields;
    sounds produced
  • produced by air moving through the bronchioles and filling the alveoli
  • E < I
A

. Vesicular
Breath Sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

o Used to determine whether or not a patient has been smoking
o a simple, non-invasive way to measure carbon monoxide poisoning in a patient

A

Breath Analyzer (Carbon Monoxide Breath Test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

total volume of
air in kungs often refilled with air

A

FVC (Force vital capacity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

condition where the pulmonary function test resulted in : increased total lung capacity

A

emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q
  • referred to as discontinuoussounds; they are intermittent,
    non-musical and brief
  • may heard either upon inspiration or expiration
  • The popping sounds produced are created when air is forced through respiratory
    passages that are narrowed by fluid, mucus, or pus
  • Often associated with inflammation or infection
A

Crackles
(crepitations, rales)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

: can no longer breathe normally

A

III Severe COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

a complete loss of voice (

A

(aphonia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

s the space in the lungs gets bigger,
the air pressure inside drops lower than
the air pressure outside. This is called

A

negative pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

ccurs at the connection of the ribs and the cartilage and can be
elicited with pressure on the area ((+) pain upon palpation in costochondral junction)

A

Costochondral pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

shows increase eosinophil count

A

Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential Count –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

o Performed to obtain tissue samples for microscopic examination
o May be performed through either open or closed technique:

A

Lung Biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

a continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during
breathing
- caused by air moving through narrowed airways
- do not clear with coughing

A

Wheezes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Walks slower than people of same age because of breathlessness or has to stop for breath

A

2 Moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Responsible in the unconscious (while sleeping) control of respiration

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

o Performed to obtain fluid samples from the pleural space, relieve pressure from
accumulated fluid and obtain tissue for biopsy

A

Thoracentesis (Pleural Fluid Analysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Refers to the amount of air remaining in the in the lungs after forced, maximal expiration
(approximately 1,000mL)

A

Residual Volume (RV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q
  • Refers to an abnormal irreversible enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles
  • caused by a complex obstruction and destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in decreased elastic recoil
    properties of lungs.
A

EMPHYSEMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Skin color
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA

A

Pale to cyanotic
Pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

act primarily to relax bronchial smooth muscle and dilate the
airways

A

Bronchodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Occurs as a response to an allergen or trigger to which the patient is hyperresponsive
▪ Mediated by IgE and appears more often in children and may disappear during adolescence

A

Extrinsic Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q
A
70
Q

one sign of throat filling

A

Frequent throat-clearing

71
Q
A
72
Q

Troubled with shortness of breath when hurrying on level of ground or walking up slight hill

A

1 Slight

73
Q

o Measures the amount of oxygen dissolved in the arterial blood
o Measure through pulse oximetry which makes use of spectrophotometer to determine the
amount of light absorbed by the hemoglobin in arterial blood
o A clip that is placed on a finger or ear allows the oximeter

A

Oxygen Saturation

74
Q

FVC <70%
FEV 30%-80%
w/ w/o s/s

A

II: Moderate COPD

75
Q

FEV 30%-80%

A

IIB COPD

76
Q

Refers to the amount of air expelled with maximally forced exhalation

A

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC

77
Q

Responsible in the regulation of the rate and rhythm of respiration (tells the brain how many breathes should the
body make for a period of time, fast or slow, shallow or not)

A

PONS

78
Q

amount of air
exhaled forcefully and quickly

A

FEV (Force expiratory volume)

79
Q

Too breathless to leave the house or breathless when dressing

A

4 Very
Severe

80
Q

A condition characterized by:
o loss of lung elasticity
o narrowed bronchioles
o abnormal dilation of terminal airspaces caused by the destruction of the alveolar walls

A

EMPHYSEMA

81
Q

stages of asthma

A
  • Mild (episodic)
  • Moderate (one to two times a
    week)
  • Severe
  • Status Asthmaticus
82
Q

Refers to the actual flow of gases into and out (inside and outside) of the respiratory tract

A

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

83
Q

drug to to decrease inflammation

A

Corticosteroids

84
Q

After inhaling, the lungs naturally “recoil” or shrink back to their original size. This
is elastic recoil, and it helps push air out when you exhale.

A

Elastic recoil — deflate

85
Q
A
86
Q

cough — sudden, short in duration

A

Acute

87
Q
  • Literally means “looking inside”
  • Refers to a procedure which allows the examiner to visualize internal structures through the use of an
    instrument known as endoscope
A

Endoscopy

88
Q

Cough
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA

A

Chronic
Absent to mild

89
Q

Can be helpful in evaluating patients suspected of having tuberculosis, pneumonia or lung
cancer
o To produce a sputum sample, the patient is instructed to rinse the mouth with water, take a
series of deep breaths and then cough to raise sputum and expectorate it into a sterile
container

A

Sputum Analysis

90
Q
A
91
Q

shows the clinical significance of allergens identified by skin testing

A

Bronchial Challenge Testing

92
Q

Percussion
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA

A

Normal
Hyperresonant

93
Q

show decreased peak flows and forced expiratory volume in 1 second,
low-normal or decreased vital capacity, and increased total lung and residual capacities.

A

Pulmonary Function Studies –

94
Q

Pink & frothy sputum

A

pulmonary edema

95
Q

transient in nature and worse during coughing (nasakit nu aguyek)

A

Intercostal pain

96
Q

Structure responsible in the conscious (awake) control of respiration but can be overridden by the medulla
oblongata
* Compensates medulla bot not totally since medulla is unconscious

A

CEREBRAL CORTEX

97
Q

Refers to the ease with which the lungs are inflated
* The elastic nature of the lungs causes them to stretch when the lungs are inflated and recoil when the lungs are
deflated

A

Lung Compliance

98
Q

Provides information about patient’s oxygenation and ventilation hence deemed
valuable in assessing the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange.
o In this test, the examiner obtains a blood sample (2mL) by direct puncture of a radial, brachial
or femoral artery
o If the radial artery is to be used, the examiner performs an Allen’s test to ensure that
the hand has adequate collateral blood flow
o To prevent clotting of the sample, the examiner uses a pre-heparinized syringe and sample is
placed on ice until it is analyzed

A

Arterial Blood Gases

99
Q

cough — gradual in onset and longer in duration

A
100
Q

▪ Considered a non-allergic type of asthma
▪ Triggered by intrinsic factors which includes emotional stress, changes in humidity and temperature,
exposure to noxious fumes and coughing

A

Intrinsic Asthma

101
Q

dry cough (do not produce sputum, as in dry)

A

Non-productive

102
Q

Prompt antibiotic therapy is needed
❖ it can sometimes cause kidney problems and rheumatic fever, which can damage the heart
valves.

A

Strep throat

103
Q

Controlled by the movement of the chest cavity, the compliance
of the lungs and the surface tension within the alveoli
* A single cycle of ventilation consists of inhalation (inspiration)
followed by
exhalation (expiration)

A

Pulmonary Ventilation

104
Q

o Performed to assess the perfusion of the lungs
o A radioactive contrast dye is injected into a vein or an artery and a series of X-rays of the
chest are taken to detect blood flow abnormalities (these films provide a picture of the
vasculature that can detect pulmonary embolism or infarction)
o Patient Preparation:
▪ Patient must fast for at least 6 hours prior the procedure (NPO)
▪ Inform the patient that a needle will be placed in his/her

A

Pulmonary Angiography (Pulmonary Arteriography)

105
Q

These are chemoreceptors that are located near the medulla and are very sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide
levels
* These are the primary chemoreceptors that regulate ventilation

A

CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTORS

106
Q

Used to describe a group of conditions that is
characterized by permanent changes in the airways
leading to the impairment of air flow
* In COPD, air flows in and out of the airways

A

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
* AKA Chronic Airway Limitation (CAL), Chronic Obstructive Lung
Disease (COLD), Chronic Restrictive Lung Disease (CRLD)

107
Q

reveals hypoxemia

A

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis

108
Q

Other findings
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA

A

Infections, right sided heart failure
Weight loss

109
Q

decrease in the transmission of light

A

Transillumination

110
Q

dietary restriction is recommended for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. This
includes avoiding caffeinated drinks, spicy food items, fatty food, chocolate, peppermint.

A

Dietary modification

111
Q

Green sputum

A

= pseudomonas pneumonia

112
Q

Refers to the amount of air that can be inhaled with maximal effort after normal exhalation
(approximately 3,000mL)

A

Inspiratory Capacity (IC

113
Q

May result from untreated acute sinusitis
o Damage to the mucosa of the sinuses are irreversible

A

Chronic Sinusitis

114
Q

amount of air you breathe in and out during normal, relaxed breathing. How
much air fills your lungs depends on how well your lungs expand and contract.

A

Tidal volume

115
Q

FVC <70%
FEV >80%
w/ w/o s/s

A

I: Mild COPD

116
Q

cough described according to onset as:

A

o Acute
o Chronic
o Paroxysmal

117
Q

Inhaling humidified air enhances moisture of the upper airway and helps in the removal of
secretions and exudates.
3. Avoidance of

A

Steam Inhalation

118
Q

Stops for breath after walking approximately 100 yards (approx 30 meters) after a few minutes
on level ground

A

3
Severe

119
Q

normal spirometry
with chronic symptoms

A

0: at risk

120
Q
  • Also known as radical anthrum surgery
  • Indicated for chronic maxillary sinusitis
  • Usually done when antibiotic treatment is no longer effective
    An incision is made under the upper lip (point of entry), above the lateral incisor teeth and part of
    the bony anthrum is removed, producing a permanent window allowing drainage and removal of
    the deceased mucosa and p
A

Caldwell-Luc Surgery

121
Q

Use of fiberoptic endoscope is used to disect nasal tissue
o Complications:
o Nasal bleeding
o Orbital hematoma
o Injury to the optic nerve which may lead to blindness

A

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

122
Q

refers to the reflex which serves as the protective mechanism of the body towards
tracheobronchial irritation (anything that goes to the tracheo bronchial will irritate/will trigger the
active mechanism)

A

cough

123
Q

Laboratory Tests FOR RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

A

Complete Blood Count (CBC)
* Arterial Blood Gases
Sputum Analysis

124
Q

scarring or mild inflammation

A

I Mild COPD

125
Q

Medium-pitched and continuous with muted characteristics of both
bronchial and vesicular breath sounds
- Produced by air moving through large airways and are heard over the first
and second intercostals spaces along the sterna border and
between the scapula

A

Bronchovesicular Breath
Sounds

126
Q

if the PaO2 is less than 55mmHg or the oxygen saturation is less than 88%

A

Low-flow oxygen

127
Q

Obtained to diagnose disorders of the lung
o Normal lung tissue is radiolucent and that foreign bodies, infiltrates, tumors and fluids appear
as white areas or densities
o Performed in the radiology department or at the bedside with a portable unit; they are
completed in a few minutes and are painless

A

Chest Roentgenograms/Chest X-ray

128
Q

predisposing factor of
rheumatic heart disease

A

GABHS (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal) infection

129
Q

o Refers to the amount of air inspired or exhaled during normal, quiet breathing
o Amount is approximately 500mL in a 70kg person
o Volume capacities are 20-25% lower in women

A

Tidal Volume (TV)

130
Q

Refers to the exchange of gases ( or gas exchange) across the alveolar membrane
between (inside) the respiratory and circulatory tracts

A

Alveolar ventilation

131
Q

enlargement of the right ventricle

A

cor pulmonale or right sided heart failure

132
Q

performed in the operating room and require general
anesthesia

A

Open Technique

133
Q

force required to expand the lungs to a particular volume is referred to as

A

compliance

134
Q

o increased anterioposterio (A-P)diameter, giving the chest a rounded appearance with sternum pulled
out (equal or nearly equal)

A

Barrel Chest

135
Q
  • Also refers to protective mechanism for clearing the airways
  • Can also be defined as the reflexive to irritating stimuli in the tracheobronchial tree or the lary
A

cough

136
Q

COPD embraces several diseases which includes:

A

o Chronic Bronchitis
o Emphysema
STAGES OF

137
Q

Dyspnea
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA

A

Predominant Symptom
May be absent in early stages

138
Q

Inflammation of the vocal cords can alter the way the vocal cords come together and vibrate, causing
voice changes.
o Laryngitis can be acute (short-term), lasting less than three weeks. Or it can be chronic (long-term),
lasting more than three weeks.

A

LARYNGITIS

139
Q
A
140
Q

are somewhat louder, lower in pitch, and last longer than fine crackles
- sounds like opening a Velcro lock

A

Coarse Crackles

141
Q

drug if patient does not improve with combination therapy

A

Long Acting Bronchodilators

142
Q

These are chemoreceptors that are located in the carotid bodies and aortic arch and are very sensitive to changes in
oxygen levels
* May assume the primary chemorecptor’s responsibility in the event that the central chemoreceptors fail

A

PERIPHERAL CHEMORECEPTORS

143
Q

A sharp metal instrument (known as trocar) is inserted through anthrum into the lateral wall of the
nose into the sinus

A

Anthral Irrigation
o A sharp meta

144
Q

Upper Respiratory Airways/Tracts

A

Nose and sinuses, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, trachea

145
Q

Radiologic Test

A

Chest Roentgenograms/Chest X-ray
Pulmonary Angiography (Pulmonary Arteriography)

146
Q

may identify specific allergens

A

Skin Testing

147
Q

efers to the production of sputum however not all patients with a
productive cough can expectorate sputum ((+) sputum but can’t expectorate =
productive)

A

Productive

148
Q

Lower Respiratory Airways/Tracts

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli, lungs

149
Q

reveals increase from allergenic reaction

A

Serum IgE levels

150
Q

FVC <70%
FEV ,<30%
espiratory failure

A

III: SEvere COPD

151
Q
  • A recurrent inflammation of the bronchial walls with hypertrophy of the mucous goblet cells,
  • characterized by hypersecretion of mucus
  • accompanied by a chronic/recurrent productive cough for a minimum of 3 months a year for two successive
    years
A

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

152
Q

A-P Diameter
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS EMPHYSEMA

A

Normal to slight increase
Increased

153
Q

most effective diagnostic tool. It is also used to rule out other local or
systemic disorders, such as tumor, fistula, and allergy

A

Computed tomography scanning

154
Q
  • Sound produced when airways are constricted by swelling,secretions or bronchoconstriction and
    where exhalation requires effort
  • Ask about when wheezing occurs, what makes the patient wheeze, whether others can hear the
    wheezing and what makes the wheezing
A

Wheezing

155
Q
A
156
Q

Normalsputum is clear, thin and averages

A

100mL/day

157
Q

Kabaliktaran ni funnel, rimwar ni sternum

A

Pigeon

158
Q

produced by the goblet cells as well as the submucosal glands

A

Sputum

159
Q

detect sinus opacity, mucosal thickening, bone destruction, and air-fluid levels.

A

Sinus x-rays

160
Q

Patients with this disorder were described as blue bloaters because the increased
secretions and airway obstruction causes hypoxemia (hence cyanosis [blue]) and
peripheral edema from right sided heart failure (hence bloater)

A

chronic bronchitis

161
Q

Smoking and alcohol should be avoided. Smoking delays prompt resolution of the disease
process

A

Avoidance of irritants

162
Q

Refers to the mount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal or tidal expiration

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

163
Q

A decrease in TV without a decrease in respiratory rate (RR) indicates a

A

restrictive disorder
such as pulmonary fibrosis

164
Q

Provides information about RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and WBC

A

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

165
Q

heard over the trachea and are harsh and discontinuous
- E > I

A

Tracheal
Breath Sounds

166
Q

drug to improve air flow

A

Bronchodilators

167
Q

Long Term control medications

A

Corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers
o sympathomimetic aerosol sprays

168
Q

REVIEW ASTHMA STAGE

A
169
Q

used for clearing secretions.

A

mucolytics

170
Q

commonly known as sore throat
o is an inflammation of the pharynx, resulting in a sore throat.
o Thus, pharyngitis is a symptom, rather than a condition.

A

PHARYNGITIS

171
Q

used to increase the effects of
bronchodilators

A

Anticholinergics

MedSurg P.M (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions