Perioperative Flashcards
refers to partial or complete restoration of a damaged
organ or body part
Restorative (reconstructive)
Categories according to urgency/timing
Unplanned (emergency, imperative/urgent)
Planned (planned required surgery, elective, optional)
Scope of preop
Informed consent Nursing activities are directed towards patient support, teaching and preparation for the procedure
repair congenitally defective structure
constructive
(1) sit on edge of bed or lie supine with knees flexed to relax abdominal muscle; (2) place hand on abdomen; (3) inhale through nose until abdomen balloons outwards; (4) exhale thru pursed lips while contracting abdominal muscles
deep breathing
kheirurgos means
working by hand
looking into/to visualize
Oscopy
preoperative teaching includes the following
- Assess learning needs of the patients, consider expectations, level of
understanding, age and cultural background
o Discussion about diet and family visits
o Review of OR procedures
o Preparing patient for recovery (importance of ROM exercises postoperatively,
breathing and coughing exercises, etc.)
o Discussion on pain control
performed to estimate the extent of disease and confirm the diagnosis of a particular patient.
exploratory
the longer the duration of the disease, the lower the resistance of the patient, the higher the risk of surgery
Duration of the disease
SURGERY
Activities on the day of surgery
o Early morning care
o Pre- operative medication
o Recording
o Transportation to OR
o Care of patient’s family
The nurse’s report will serve as a concise evaluation of the care given during the entire pre-operative phase.
The nurse’s report will communicate all pertinent data to the OR nurse.
Contains records of pre- operative teaching content and the patient’s (as well as patient’s family) responses; vital sign, pre- operative medications given, laboratory and diagnostic results
recording
performed to remove diseased, damage, or congenitally malformed body
organ/ part.
curative/ablative
Begins when the patient is transferred to PACU or Recovery Room onwards
POST- OPERATIVE PHASE
fears of patient
o fear of destruction of body image
o fear of permanent disability
o fear of pain
o fear of dying
Generally, patients indicated for surgery should have light dinner,
should take nothing per orem, post-midnight, have an enema (as
ordered)
Bowel Preparation
MAJOR CATEGORIES OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES ARE ACC. TO WHAT
According to purpose
According to urgency/timing
According to extent/magnitude
Patients will to live, cooperation
mental outlook
increases risk for complications (hypokalemia, hyponatremia, dehydration)
Fluid and Electrolyte balances
Emergency category within 30mins-1 hr
Category A
cause of erosion
Continuous physical irritation
Infection
Inflammation/ ulceration
determine the patient’s ability to sustain expenses needed for the surgery, medication, etc.
occupational status
turning and reposition every 2 hours; turning team
Turning exercises
done to identify and correct problems to decrease patient’s risk of
complications during and after surgery.
It is also performed to obtain baseline data for post-operative comparison
Assessment
(1) on sitting or lying position, lace fingers and hold them tightly across incision before coughing [small pillow or folded towel over incision site may do]; (2) seconds then cough deep from the lungs once or twice; (3) encourage patient to perform DBE before coughing.
Coughing
Scope of Intraop
Nursing activities focus on patient safety, facilitation of the procedure, prevention of infection and satisfactory physiologic response to anesthesia and surgery
creation of temporary or permanent opening
Ostomy
activities performed by the professional nurse during the pre-, intra- and post-operative
phases of the patient’s surgical experience.
PERIOPERATIVE NURSING PRACTICE
performed for patients’ wellbeing.
Elective
Begins when the patient is transferred to the OR table and ends upon admission to the post
anesthesia care unit.
INTRA- OPERATIVE PHASE
COMMON SUFFIXES DESCRIBING SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Ectomy
Orrhaphy
Ostomy
Otomy
Plasty
Oscopy
Lysis
Involves high risk for patients
Prolonged period of time in OR table
Large amount of blood may be lost
Higher risk of post- operative complications
Major surgery
performed to help the physician in determining the cause of the symptom experience of a particular patient (i.e. biopsy)
diagnostic
Extensive surgeries (i.e. amputation, heart transplant, kidney transplant) may require changes in the patient’s lifestyle.
lifestyle change
Some increase vulnerability to bleeding while some increase vulnerability to
infection
use of drugs
removal of an organ/ gland
ectomy
In contrast to physiologic preparation, physical preparation refers to interventions that would directly prepare a patient for surgery.
physical preparation
Emergency category within 1-2 hrs
Category B
Activities to do on the eve of surgery
o Skin Preparation
o Bowel Preparation
o Preparing for anesthesia
o Promoting rest and sleep
Period of postop
Commonly ends outside the facility where surgery is performed
Beginning of Postoperative
Patient is transferred
to recovery unit
Shave the area to be operated (area of preparation should always be wider and longer than proposed incision)
Use adequate lighting and sterile razor.
Shave against or in the direction of hair growth
Check potential sites for infection
skin preparation
may start as early as in the ER and may be continued until the patient is transported to the OR (holding room)
emergency situations
used to remove tissue that does not contain cancerous cells, but may develop into a malignant tumor.
preventive
Factor that
o They generally have increased sensitivity to stress, effects of anesthesia and other drugs.
o Often dehydrate/malnourished
o Frequently have other degenerative disorders
o More prone to fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Age
FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEGREE OF SURGICAL RISK OF PATIENTS
Physical and mental condition
Extent of disease
Extent of surgical procedure
Caliber of the professional staff
Rupture of an organ, artery or bleb (blister)
Perforation
