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MedSurg P.M > Perioperative > Flashcards

Perioperative Flashcards

1
Q

refers to partial or complete restoration of a damaged
organ or body part

A

Restorative (reconstructive)

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2
Q

Categories according to urgency/timing

A

Unplanned (emergency, imperative/urgent)
Planned (planned required surgery, elective, optional)

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3
Q

Scope of preop

A

Informed consent Nursing activities are directed towards patient support, teaching and preparation for the procedure

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4
Q

repair congenitally defective structure

A

constructive

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5
Q

(1) sit on edge of bed or lie supine with knees flexed to relax abdominal muscle; (2) place hand on abdomen; (3) inhale through nose until abdomen balloons outwards; (4) exhale thru pursed lips while contracting abdominal muscles

A

deep breathing

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6
Q

kheirurgos means

A

working by hand

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7
Q

looking into/to visualize

A

Oscopy

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8
Q

preoperative teaching includes the following

A
  • Assess learning needs of the patients, consider expectations, level of
    understanding, age and cultural background
    o Discussion about diet and family visits
    o Review of OR procedures
    o Preparing patient for recovery (importance of ROM exercises postoperatively,
    breathing and coughing exercises, etc.)
    o Discussion on pain control
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9
Q

performed to estimate the extent of disease and confirm the diagnosis of a particular patient.

A

exploratory

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10
Q

the longer the duration of the disease, the lower the resistance of the patient, the higher the risk of surgery

A

Duration of the disease

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11
Q
A

SURGERY

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12
Q

Activities on the day of surgery

A

o Early morning care
o Pre- operative medication
o Recording
o Transportation to OR
o Care of patient’s family

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13
Q

 The nurse’s report will serve as a concise evaluation of the care given during the entire pre-operative phase.
 The nurse’s report will communicate all pertinent data to the OR nurse.
 Contains records of pre- operative teaching content and the patient’s (as well as patient’s family) responses; vital sign, pre- operative medications given, laboratory and diagnostic results

A

recording

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14
Q

performed to remove diseased, damage, or congenitally malformed body
organ/ part.

A

curative/ablative

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15
Q

Begins when the patient is transferred to PACU or Recovery Room onwards

A

POST- OPERATIVE PHASE

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16
Q

fears of patient

A

o fear of destruction of body image
o fear of permanent disability
o fear of pain
o fear of dying

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17
Q

Generally, patients indicated for surgery should have light dinner,
should take nothing per orem, post-midnight, have an enema (as
ordered)

A

Bowel Preparation

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18
Q

MAJOR CATEGORIES OF SURGICAL PROCEDURES ARE ACC. TO WHAT

A

According to purpose
According to urgency/timing
According to extent/magnitude

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19
Q

Patients will to live, cooperation

A

mental outlook

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20
Q

increases risk for complications (hypokalemia, hyponatremia, dehydration)

A

Fluid and Electrolyte balances

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21
Q

Emergency category within 30mins-1 hr

A

Category A

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22
Q

cause of erosion

A

Continuous physical irritation
 Infection
 Inflammation/ ulceration

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23
Q

determine the patient’s ability to sustain expenses needed for the surgery, medication, etc.

A

occupational status

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24
Q

turning and reposition every 2 hours; turning team

A

Turning exercises

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25
Q

done to identify and correct problems to decrease patient’s risk of
complications during and after surgery.
 It is also performed to obtain baseline data for post-operative comparison

A

Assessment

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26
Q

(1) on sitting or lying position, lace fingers and hold them tightly across incision before coughing [small pillow or folded towel over incision site may do]; (2) seconds then cough deep from the lungs once or twice; (3) encourage patient to perform DBE before coughing.

A

Coughing

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27
Q

Scope of Intraop

A

Nursing activities focus on patient safety, facilitation of the procedure, prevention of infection and satisfactory physiologic response to anesthesia and surgery

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28
Q

creation of temporary or permanent opening

A

Ostomy

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29
Q

activities performed by the professional nurse during the pre-, intra- and post-operative
phases of the patient’s surgical experience.

A

PERIOPERATIVE NURSING PRACTICE

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30
Q

performed for patients’ wellbeing.

A

Elective

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31
Q

Begins when the patient is transferred to the OR table and ends upon admission to the post
anesthesia care unit.

A

INTRA- OPERATIVE PHASE

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32
Q

COMMON SUFFIXES DESCRIBING SURGICAL PROCEDURES

A

Ectomy
Orrhaphy
Ostomy
Otomy
Plasty
Oscopy
Lysis

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33
Q

 Involves high risk for patients
 Prolonged period of time in OR table
 Large amount of blood may be lost
 Higher risk of post- operative complications

A

Major surgery

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34
Q

performed to help the physician in determining the cause of the symptom experience of a particular patient (i.e. biopsy)

A

diagnostic

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35
Q

Extensive surgeries (i.e. amputation, heart transplant, kidney transplant) may require changes in the patient’s lifestyle.

A

lifestyle change

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36
Q

Some increase vulnerability to bleeding while some increase vulnerability to
infection

A

use of drugs

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37
Q

removal of an organ/ gland

A

ectomy

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38
Q

In contrast to physiologic preparation, physical preparation refers to interventions that would directly prepare a patient for surgery.

A

physical preparation

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39
Q

Emergency category within 1-2 hrs

A

Category B

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40
Q

Activities to do on the eve of surgery

A

o Skin Preparation
o Bowel Preparation
o Preparing for anesthesia
o Promoting rest and sleep

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41
Q

Period of postop

A

Commonly ends outside the facility where surgery is performed

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42
Q

Beginning of Postoperative

A

Patient is transferred
to recovery unit

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43
Q

 Shave the area to be operated (area of preparation should always be wider and longer than proposed incision)
 Use adequate lighting and sterile razor.
 Shave against or in the direction of hair growth
 Check potential sites for infection

A

skin preparation

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44
Q

may start as early as in the ER and may be continued until the patient is transported to the OR (holding room)

A

emergency situations

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45
Q

used to remove tissue that does not contain cancerous cells, but may develop into a malignant tumor.

A

preventive

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46
Q

Factor that
o They generally have increased sensitivity to stress, effects of anesthesia and other drugs.
o Often dehydrate/malnourished
o Frequently have other degenerative disorders
o More prone to fluid and electrolyte imbalance

A

Age

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47
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEGREE OF SURGICAL RISK OF PATIENTS

A

Physical and mental condition
Extent of disease
Extent of surgical procedure
Caliber of the professional staff

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48
Q

Rupture of an organ, artery or bleb (blister)

A

Perforation

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49
Q

repair or reconstruction

A

Plasty

50
Q

Branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of diseases, injury and deformity by operation or manipulation

A

SURGERY

51
Q

Categories according to extent/magnitude

A

Minor
Major

52
Q

Activities/care in preoperative phase

A

Assessment
 Pre-operative Teaching
 Psychological Preparation
 Physiological Preparation
 Physical Preparation
 Spiritual Preparation
 Securing appropriate documents for legal purposes

53
Q

performed not to cure a patient from a disease but to alleviate signs and symptoms

A

palliative

54
Q

collective term for many physiologic factors that cause neurochemical change

A

stress response

55
Q

Beginning of Intraoperative

A

Patient is transferred to
OR bed

56
Q

cutting into a tissue

A

Otomy

57
Q

adequacy of staff, training, equipment; highly competent staff.

A

Caliber of the professional staff

58
Q

 Present little risk to life
 Generally not prolonged
 No-vital organs involved
 Leads to few serious complication
 Uses local anesthesia

A

Minor surgery

59
Q

Surgery came from the Greek word

A

kheirurgos

60
Q

Ending of Preoperative

A

Patient is transferred to
OR bed

61
Q

Common causes of obstruction:

A

Vasoconstriction
 Tumor
 Foreign bodies
 Asphyxia

62
Q

Period of preop

A

Period used for patient’s physical and psychological preparation for surgery

63
Q

What to teach in Pre-operative Teachings:

A

DBCE
Turning exercises
Extremity exercises
Ambulation

64
Q

MAJOR EFFECTS OF SURGERY

A

stress response
Disruption of vascular system
Lowered defense against infection
Disruption of organ function
Body image disturbance
Lifestyle change

65
Q

 Reinforce surgeon’s teachings
 Identify anxieties of the patient’s
 Listen to patient’s verbalization of fear

A

Psychological Preparation

66
Q

Factors under physical and mental condition

A

age
nutritional status
fluid and electrolyte balance
general history of patient
use of drugs
occupational status
mental outlook

67
Q

preoperative teaching: involves explanations of procedures, patient care activities and physical feelings that the patient may encounter during the perioperative experience.

A

Information

68
Q

Ending of Intraoperative

A

Patient is transferred to
PACU/post surgery unit

69
Q

Teaching Children for OR

A

 Use simple languages, supplement with pictures, books and films
 Show pictures of doctors and nurses in surgical dress
 May use puppet show
 Allow patient to have a hands-on play with the surgical instruments (with close
supervision)

70
Q

flex and extend each joint while lying

A

Extremity exercises

71
Q

refers to the organ or body parts that is involved

A

Location

72
Q

Father of surgery

A

Hippocrates

73
Q

Preparing the parent spiritually could give rise to several issue hence, it is vital to seek the preference of the parents regarding this matter.

A

Spiritual Preparation

74
Q

sample of major surgery

A

exploratory lapaotomy

75
Q

PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS REQUIRING SURGERY

A

PERFORATION
OBSTRUCTION/Blockage
EROSION
Tumor

76
Q

what to assess in Pre- operative Assessment:

A

Allergies
 Medication and substances
 Herbs and nutritional supplements use
 Cultural and religious preferences
 Functional assessment
 Level of anxiety
 Medical history

77
Q

categories according to purpose

A

Diagnostic
Exploratory
Curative/Ablative
Palliative
Restorative(reconstructive)
Preventive
Cosmetic improvement
Ablative
Constructive

78
Q

factors under extent of disease

A

nature of the disease
location
duration of the disease

79
Q

As soon as the patient is set for operation, the patient will be experiencing constant stress at varying levels
o differs among individuals and the type of surgery performed, general health status and other factors.
o Stress levels could be addressed by allaying the anxiety of the patient, meeting the patient’s needs constantly and helping the patient reestablish optimum functioning after the surgery.

A

stress response

80
Q

The branch of medicine dealing with manual and operative procedures for correction of
deformities and defects, repair of injuries and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases.

A

SURGERY

81
Q

Scope of postop

A

Nursing activities including positioning, monitoring, addressing psychological body image disturbances

82
Q

 In caring for a patient for surgery, the nurse should also consider the patient’s family.
 The nurse is to provide information on how to assist the patient in going about the procedure as well as how they could assist the patient in going about the procedure as well as how they could assist the patient in his/ her recovery.

A

Care of patient’s family

83
Q

Impairment of the flow of vital body fluids (tubes, arteries, ventricles, sinuses, ducts)

A

obstruction/blockage

84
Q

 Before administering any premedication, the nurse must ascertain that the consent form has been completed, signed and placed in the chart.
 Pre-operative medications are given at least 45 minutes before the induction of anesthesia however, pre-medication may be omitted altogether depending on the anesthesiologist’s preference.

A

Pre- operative medication

85
Q

samples of minor surgery

A

appendectomy, breast mass excision, suturing

86
Q

abnormal growth of tissue that form mass without physiological function within the body which may either be benign or malignant.

A

tumor

87
Q

Beginning of Preoperative

A

Surgical decision is made

88
Q

(1) alternate dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of feet; (2) flex, extend the knees and press back of knees into bed while dorsiflexing the feet; (3) raise and lower legs alternately from the surface of the bed

A

extremity exercise

89
Q

Some of the medications that are given pre-operatively are:

A

 Anticholinergics (scopolamine, atrophine sulfate)
 Antianxiety (diazepam, midazolam)
 H2 Receptor antagonist ( cimetidine, ranitidine)
 Narcotics ( meperidine, morphine)
 Sedatives ( Pentobarbital, sodium)
 Tranquilizer ( promethaxine, HCL)

90
Q

repair or suture of a body part (

A

orrhaphy

91
Q

Wearing off of a surface of membrane or surface of a tissue

A

erosion

92
Q

When an operation involves the manipulation of a certain organ in a body, this may lead to the disruption of organs function

due to anesthesia, manipulation of organs

A

Disruption of organ function

93
Q

removal of eye

A

enuclation

94
Q

related to the severity of the disease

A

Nature of the disease

95
Q

preoperative teaching: nurse assists the patient in identifying effective coping mechanisms in dealing with anxiety and fear; provision of emotional support

A

Psychosocial support

96
Q

Ending of Postoperative

A

Resolution of surgical
sequela

97
Q

When transporting a patient to the OR, the nurse should:
 Check the identity of the patient
 Verify surgical procedure, site and surgeon (if the patient is
heavily sedated, the surgeon may be asked to identify the
patient)
 Check IV infusion, indwelling catheters and other gadgets
attached to the patient
 Check for consent
 Accomplish the OR checklist

A

Transportation to OR

98
Q

must be performed within 24-48 hours

A

Imperative/ urgent

99
Q

requested by patient, not necessary for health, for aesthetics

A

Optional

100
Q

necessary for the patient’s wellbeing but not urgent.

A

Planned Required Surgery

101
Q

to loosen, separate, breakdown

A

Lysis

102
Q

A side from disruption of the vascular system as a reason for lowered biologic defense,
the impairment of the integrity of the skin could also contribute to this condition.

A

Lowered defense against infection

103
Q

Begins when the decision for surgery is made and ends when the patient is transferred to the
operating room bed.

A

PRE-OPERATIVE PHASE

104
Q

1) turn to sides; (2) sit up on bed and dangle feet; (3) transfer to bedside chair; (4) walk around bed then corridor

A

Ambulation

105
Q

performed immediately, stat surgery

save life, save function, remove damaged organ

A

Emergency (unplanned surgery)

106
Q

 Involves a thorough physical assessment to identify whether or not the patient is capable of enduring the surgery
 May involve diagnostic procedures such as ECG, chest x-ray, spirometry and other tests (cardio pulmonary clearance)

A

physiologic preparation

107
Q

Involves bathing the patient, helping the patient change into hospital gown or OR gown and other bedside care

A

Early morning care

108
Q

promotes faster clearance of inhaled anesthesia’s, done 5-10 times every hour;
teach patient how to splint surgical incision

A

DBCE-

109
Q

preoperative teaching: involves guiding the patient in practicing the patient in the postoperative period. Doing this may decrease anxiety, hasten patient’s recovery and prevent the occurrence of complications

A

skill training

110
Q

The anesthesiologist visit’s the patient for appropriate assessment
 The anesthesiologist may ask about previous experiences that necessitated the use of anesthetic agents, assess for the cardiac reserve, explain to the patient the nature of anesthesia

A

Preparing for anesthesia

111
Q

three levels of preoperative teaching

A

information
psychosocial support
skill training

112
Q

strengthening weakened area, rejoin disconnected area, correct deformity

A

Restorative (reconstructive)

113
Q

performed to remove diseased program

A

ablative

114
Q

medications are given for any of the following purposes:

A

 Decrease amount of anesthesia needed.
 Decrease secretion of saliva gastric juices
 To prevent nausea and vomiting
 Decrease anxiety and provide sedation

115
Q

Some surgical procedures may involve removal of some body parts (amputation) or incision in areas of the body that are exposed (face, legs, neck) which may lead to the development of self-esteem issues

A

Body image disturbance

116
Q

a process of action embracing perception, thought, feelings and
performance.
 Instruction of teachings is best given during this phase of the perioperative procedure.
 It helps patients in coping with psychological stress of surgery.
 The nurse teaches patient how to participate in their own postoperative recovery.

A

preoperative teaching

117
Q

o Blood vessels are ligated and served which disturbs the vascular system hence bleeding occurs.
o In this event, hemostasis must be done to prevent excessive blood loss.

A

Disruption of vascular system
o Blood vessels are ligated

118
Q

performed for aesthetic purposes.

A

Cosmetic improvement

119
Q

needed to promote wound healing and recovery

A

nutrition

120
Q

Generally assessed to help the physician determine whether or not the patient is capable of enduring the surgical procedure.

A

general history of patient

121
Q

Period of intraop

A

Period when the patient is monitored , sedated, prepped, draped and operated

122
Q

PHASES OF SURGERY

A

 Pre- operative
 Intra- operative
 Post- operative

MedSurg P.M (7 decks)

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