Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
Refresher Phase
Inflammation and Build up of mucus that is cause by extrinsic and intrinsic factors
Bronchial Asthma
Examples of intrinsic factor that can cause bronchial asthma
Exercise
URIF
Cold air
Sugar
Examples of extrinsic factor that can cause bronchial asthma
Mold
Spores
Goblet cells causeq
Mucus production
WBC is caused by?
High prostag and leuko
Mast cell
Histamine
Narrowed wheezing can be heared at
During expiratory
Health teaching for narrowed wheezing
Do orthopneic position or tripod
Narrowed wheezing causes what Acid base imbalance?
R. Alkalosis as it expels CO2 more
Total obstruction as the late complication of bronchial asthma causes what Acid base imbalance>
Resp. Acidosis
1st line medications for Bronchial Asthma
Short Acting Beta 2 Agonist (GABA)
Anti Cholinergic (Ipatropium)
Adrenergic Agonist (Epi)
Long term medications for bronchial asthma
Corticostreoids
LABA
Anti Leukotriene
Anti histamine
Monoclonal Antibody
Monoclonal antibody composed of? For bronchial asthma
IgE that blocks mast cells to stop histamine
Medication for prevention of attacks for Bronchial Asthma
Omalizumab (monoclonal anti)
Health teaching for same meds for bronchial asthma
If same meds, 2 puff wait for 1-2 minutes for 2nd puff
Health teaching for different meds for bronchial asthma
Wait 5 mins interval for different medications, short acting first then long term
Progressive and irreversible
COPD
Presence of distended and non functioning alveoli
Emphysema
What is the characteristic of cough seen in patients with chronic bronchitis?
Productive cough that last for 3 months in 2 consecutive years
3 main causes of COPD
Smokings as 1
Environmental
genetic
Genetic cause of COPD causes what deficiency?
Alpha 1 Antri Trypsin Deficiency (AATD) (for emphysema)
Lost of ____ and ____ causes overdistended alveoli
Collagen and Elastase caused. by smoking
Clinical manifestations of emphysema
Hypercapnia
Pursed lip breathing
Prolonged Expiratory
Dyspnea
Weight loss
Barrel chest
Classic sign of emphysema
Barrel chest
Pink puffer
Emphysema
Blue bloaters
Chronic bronchitis
Low o2 that rsults to High Epo and high RBC can caused
Secondary Polycythemia
Acid based imbalance of a chronic bronchitis?
Resp. Acidosis
High o2 deliverance causes chronic bronchitis to?
Apnea
Mgt for Chronic Bronchitis
Rest for lower o2 demand
Orthopnea to expel o2
Inc OFi
Diet for Chronic Bronchitis
SFF
High calorie, high protein
Medications for Chronic Bronchitis
Bronchodilator
Corticosteroids
Diuretics
Vaccines: Flu and Pnemovax
Acute respiratory distress syndrome or resp. failure causes what type of care?
Palliative or end of life care
Classic signs of ARDS:
Mnemonic: ARDS
Atelectasis
Refractory Hypoxemia
Decrease Lung Compliance
Surfactant
Classic sign of Acute RF
Pulmonary edema
Term that does not respond to o2 therapt
Refractory hypoxemia
MGT of ARDS
Treat underlying cause
Monitor VS
Resp. Acidosis
Lung infiltrates
High fowler and Prone for uncons
What type of mechanical ventilator used for ARDS
PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure)
Caused by air in intrapleural space that results to atelectasis
Pneumothorax
Intact pleura with air comes from lungs itself
Closed pneumothorax
Injured pleura,
Gunshot or stabwoudns
Flail chest
Air from ATMOSPHERE
SUCKING CHEST WOUND
Open Pneumothorax
Air unable to excape
One way valve
Mediasternal shift or elevated trachea
Tension Pneumothorax
Fluids from intrapleural space
Pleural effusion
Types of Pleural effusiion
Hemothorax - blood
Pyothorax - Pus
Hydrothorax - Water: Serosangenous
Mgt for Pleural effusion
High fowler
High flow o2
Chest xray as best parameter
Thoracentesis
Clinical manifestations of Pleural effusion
Pleuritic chest pain
Chest asymmetry
Low fremitus: Dull and Flat (Fluids)
Hyperresonnance: Air
