Neurological Disorders Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
Largest part of the brain which is responsible for emotions, behavioral, problem solving, thinking, and planning
A
Frontal lobe
2
Q
Responsible for speech area and located in?
A
Brocas area in Frontal lobe
3
Q
Ineffective verbal comm for expressive aphasia
A
Use of sign language or picture boards
4
Q
Brain and spinal cord
A
CNS
5
Q
Responsible for eyes, optic nerve
A
Occipital lobe
6
Q
Hearing, taste, Smell and wernicks area located in?
A
Temporal lobe
7
Q
Upper motor neurons that used by skeletal muscle
A
Motor cortex
8
Q
Sensations
A
Sensory cortx
9
Q
If a patient has homonymous hemianopsia
A
Move head and scan entire environment
10
Q
Cerebral hemisphere that is responsible for loss of balance, ataxia
A
Cerebellum
11
Q
Rombergs test, tests what part?
A
Cerebellum
12
Q
A px with hemineglect or unilateral neglect
A
Stand on the affected side and present reality
13
Q
Overall emotions and behavior that includes frontal, temporal and hypothalamus
A
Limbic system
14
Q
fine and motor movement, neurotransmitters,
A
Basal ganglia
15
Q
Vital center of the brain that is responsible for cardio and respi
A
Brainstem
16
Q
CNS 3 and 4 controlled by?
A
Midbrain
17
Q
CNS 5, 6 , 7 ,8 controlled by?
A
Pons
18
Q
CNS 9, 10, 11, 12 controlled by?
A
Medulla
19
Q
Extra ocular movements what CNS?
A
3, 4, 6
20
Q
Origin of spinal nerves
A
31
21
Q
Origin of SNS
A
Thoracic and Lumbar
22
Q
Origin of PNS
A
Sacral and cranial
23
Q
If the patient has spinal cord injury what autonomic nervous system will be disrupted?
A
SNS
24
Q
C3 and 4 phrenic nerve responsible for?
A
Diaphgram
25
Lower C5 to T1 responsible for?
Upper extremities
26
C2-S4 responsible for?
Pelvis
27
Largest nerve
Sciatic
28
Most numerous type of brain cell
Neuroglia
29
Astrocytoma in pedia
Cerebellum
30
Astrocytoma in Adult
Cerebrum
31
Supports the ventricles of the brain
Epondymal cells
32
Produce myelin sheath in CNS
Oligodendoglial cells
33
Produce myelin sheath in PNS
Schwann cells
34
macrophages of the nervous system
Microglia
35
Painful spasm of the facial muscle
and also called?
Trigeminal neuralgia "Tic doloreux"
36
pain that caused by injury and inflammation
Nociceptive
37
Nerve damage
Neuropathic pain
38
Trigeminal neuralgia increase pain with an increased age, what age?
Women, 20-30 y.o
Men 50 y.o and above
39
Mgt for Trigeminal neuralgia
Anti seizure/Anti epileptic
CNS depressants
40
Prevent precipitating factors of Trigeminal neuralgia
Oral care: Water based mouth wash
Nutrition: Soft and complete diet
Anxiety
41
Inflammation of facial nerve
Idiopathic
Unilateral facial PARALYSIS
Bell's palsy (CN: 7)
42
Clinical manifestations of Bells Palsy
Inability to close eyes
Asymmetrical face
Drooling of saliva
43
MGT for bells palsy
Facial nerve exercise
TENS
Prevent dryness of eyes: Eye tape
Corticosteroids
Vitamin B. Complex
44
Abnormal and excessive impulse transmission in the brain
Seizure
45
Classifications of Seizure
Generalized
Partial
Unclassified
46
Clinical manifestation:
Motor symp
Tonic to rigid phase
47
Clonic
Jerky movement to convulsion
48
trance
Blank staring petit
49
Uncontrolled seizure lasting more than 5 mins and 30 mins in EEG
Status epilepticus
50
Stop the seizure medications?
Diazepam or clonazeoam
51
Diagnostic test for seizure confirmatory
EEG
52
Diagnostic test that identify the cause of the seizure
CT scan
MRI
Lumbar puncturen
53
Contraindications of lumbar puncture
High ICP px
54
MGT for seizure if with aura
Secure safety
55
Mgt for seizure without aura
Protect head, secure to floor
SIDE LYING POSITION
Do not restraint and put anything in mouth
56
Hallmark mgt for Seizure
Drug therapy: Anti seizure, epileptic, convulsant
57
CNS depressants must be taken when?
Bedtime
58
Most sedative in children
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
59
Phenytoin
Least sedating in adults causes gingival hyperplasia
60
Palaysis of the lower extremities at?
T6
61
Higher than T6 injury causes?
Spinal Shock
62
Priority for spinal shock
Airway
63
Peculiar type of shock that has no sign of SNS
Neurogenic shock in spinal shock
64
Mgt for spinal shock
Immobilize
Protect the neck
Massive doses of steroids
Anticholinergic
Laminectomy
65
Spinal shock leads to what complication in 6 months after surviving
Autonomic dysreflexia
66
Exaggerated autonomic response due to a stimulus
Autonomic Dysreflexia
67
Most prominent part of the body for autonomic dysref?
Bowel and bladder distention
68
MGT for Autonomic Dysreflexia
Bowel and Bladder training
Empty the bladder
High fowler
Anti HPN drugs
Atropine sulfate
69
It is spinal cord injury caused by spine hyperextension of C spine
Central cord syndrome
70
Loss of pain and temperature sensations but proprioception preserved
Anterior Cord Syndrome
71
Penetrating injury that causes loss of pain, temp and light on the opposite side
Brown-sequard syndrome
72
Normal ICP
10-20 mmHg
73
CPP formula
CPP = MAP-ICP
74
Normal CPP
70-100 mmHg
75
MAP formula
Systolic x 2 (DP) / 3
76
Normal MAP
60-100 mmHg
77
High ICP means?
And what nursing dx?
Low CPP
Ineffective cerebral tissue pref
78
Manifestations of Increase ICP
(early signs)
Headache
Seizure
Changes in VS (Cushings triad)
Vomiting
79
Roles of ICP nurses
Identify px at risk like?
Brain tumor, Cerebral edema
Hydrocephalus that has high CSF
80
Late signs of increase ICP
Displacement of CSF
Low o2 in brain
Brain herniation
81
Normal placement of CSf
75 ml in brain and 75 in spinal
82
In late sign of Inc ICP where is CSF?
50 ml in brain and 100 ml in sponal
83
Altered LOC SPERM assesment
Sensorium
Pupillary response
Extra occular movement
Respirations
Motor Functions
84
Brain herniation causes?
Low RR
Low HR
Hyperthermia
85
Cushings triad
High BP
Low HR and RR
86
Increase ICP mgt
Low fowlers
O2 Admin
Transient Hypertension
Reduce brain metab
Osmotic diuretic (Mannitol)
Steroid
Manage the casue
87
Low blood flow in the brain that causes stroke
Ischemic stroke
88
developed clot in the cerebral vessels
Thrombotic
89
Developed outside the cerebral vessel
Embolic
90
If clot if dislodged in the left side of the heart it causes?
A. Fib/ Endocarditis
91
stroke that is caused by spontaneous rupture of cerebral vessels
Hemorrhagic stroke
92
Risk factors of Hemorrhagic stroke
Uncontrolled HPN
Cerebral aneurysm
Atrioventricular Malformations
93
Stroke that neurologic symps, last within 24 hrs only
TIA
94
If the TIA of the px exceeds 24 hours?
RIND - Reversible ischemic neurologic disease
95
When swelling and bleeding subside in ischemic stroke it leads to
Focal symptoms referred to particular part of the brainD
96
Dysarthria caused by stroke in?
CN 7
97
BEFAST
Balance loss
Eyesight changes
Face drooping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time to call 911
98
Dx test for stroke
CT scan
MRI
99
MGT for Ischemic stroke
Manage ICP (ischemia)
Thrombolytic therapy
Anticoagulant (ischemia)
Antiplatelet (ischemia)
Manage RFs
Rehab therapy (ischemia)
100
MGT for Hemorrhagic stroke
Manage ICP
Supportive env
Surgery- Craniotomy
Manage RF- HPN
Rehab therapy
101
Skull fracture in TBI
Cranial fracture
Basillar skull fracture
102
If patient has leakage of CSF in ear and nose collect and test for glucose and look for?
Halo sign in bedC
103
Causes of Close head injuries
Concussion
Contusion
Side to side impact
Coup
104
Close head injury that has neurologic S/sx (-) MRi
Concussion
105
hematoma in brain tissue
Contusion
106
Traumatic brain injury clinical manifestations
Racoon eyes
Battle sign
107
Subdural bleeding subacute
2-3 days up to 2 weeks
Chronic more than 2 weeks
108
MGT for TBI
Manage high ICP
Supportive env
Craniotomy to stop bleeding
Rehab
109
Autoimmune disorders
Myesthenia Gravis
Multiple sclerosis
GBS
110
Degenerative Dx "PAHA"
Parkinsons
Alzheimer
Huntingtons
Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
111
Myasthenia Gravis
Neuromuscular junction
112
Multiple sclerosis
CNS
113
GBS
PNS
114
Destruction of Ach receptos
MG
115
Demyelination of the CNS
MS
116
Demyelination of the PNS
GBS
116
Etiologies are idiopathic
MS and GBS
117
Etiology is from thymoma
MG
118
Skeletal and muscle weakness and first manifestation of MG?
PTOSIS
119
First nerve affected is optic nerve for MS and causes?
blurred vision
120
Ascending paralysis
GBS
121
GBS is caused by what risk factors
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein Barr Cirus
Campylobacter pylori
122
Diagnostic test for MG
Tensilon test
CT scan
EMG
ICE test
123
also called an edrophonium test, is a pharmacological test used for the diagnosis of certain neural diseases, especially myasthenia gravis. It is also used to distinguish a myasthenic crisis from a cholinergic crisis in individuals undergoing treatment for myasthenia gravis.
Tensilon test
124
Diagnostic test for both MS and GBS
CSF anaklysis
MRI
125
Schwann cells in GBS are?
Not destroyed
126
Incurable autoimmune nervous disease
MS
127
charcot's neurologic triad
the combination of nystagmus, intention tremor, and scanning or staccato speech
128
Anticholinesterase drugs (-igmine) is for?
Myesthenia gravis
129
Degeneration of substantia nigra
CAUSE LOW DOPAMINE
Parkinsons Dx
130
Degeneration of cells of the cerebral cortex
Alzheimer dx
131
Degeneration of cells in the cerebral cortex and BASAL GANGLIA
Huntington's dx
132
Degeneration of all motor neurons and Overexcitation of neurotransmitter GLUTAMATE
ALS
133
All degenerative dx are idiopathic except?
Huntingtons - Hereditary
134
Risk factors are family onset except?
Huntington's - Autosomal Dominant
135
Health teaching for huntington's
Genetic counseling
136
Cardinal signs of Parkinsons
"TRB"
Tremor (pill rolling)
Rigidity
Bradykinesia
137
Cardinal sign of Alzheimer Dx
MEC
Memory loss - dementia
Emotional disturbances
Cognitive dysfunction
138
Cardinal sign of Huntington
DECC
Dementia
Emotional disturbances
Chorea
Cognitive dys
139
Cardinal sign of ALS
Respiratory fx compromised
Px die within 5 yrs time
140
Diagnostic test for Alzheimer dx
CT scan
Thyroid function test
Serum Electrolytes
141
Dx test for Huntingtons
By family hx
Genetic testing
142
Dx test for ALS
MEN
Muscle biopsy
EMG
NCT
143
Low fowlers position in increase ICP is because of?
balance cerebral hemodynamics
144
Priority nursing dx with stroke
Impaired physical mobility
145
Initial manifestation of Inc ICP in accident
Confusion
146
Mannitol acts in?
Kidney
147
Intervention for Hemiplagia
Active ROM
148
Inc ICP after craniotomy
Patient cannot be aroused 4 hrs after surgery
149
Highest prio in tonic clonic seizure medication health teaching for NEWLY diagnosed
Deficient knowledge
