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nursing practice 3 & 4 > Neurological Disorders > Flashcards

Neurological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Largest part of the brain which is responsible for emotions, behavioral, problem solving, thinking, and planning

A

Frontal lobe

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2
Q

Responsible for speech area and located in?

A

Brocas area in Frontal lobe

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3
Q

Ineffective verbal comm for expressive aphasia

A

Use of sign language or picture boards

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4
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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5
Q

Responsible for eyes, optic nerve

A

Occipital lobe

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6
Q

Hearing, taste, Smell and wernicks area located in?

A

Temporal lobe

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7
Q

Upper motor neurons that used by skeletal muscle

A

Motor cortex

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8
Q

Sensations

A

Sensory cortx

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9
Q

If a patient has homonymous hemianopsia

A

Move head and scan entire environment

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10
Q

Cerebral hemisphere that is responsible for loss of balance, ataxia

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

Rombergs test, tests what part?

A

Cerebellum

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12
Q

A px with hemineglect or unilateral neglect

A

Stand on the affected side and present reality

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13
Q

Overall emotions and behavior that includes frontal, temporal and hypothalamus

A

Limbic system

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14
Q

fine and motor movement, neurotransmitters,

A

Basal ganglia

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15
Q

Vital center of the brain that is responsible for cardio and respi

A

Brainstem

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16
Q

CNS 3 and 4 controlled by?

A

Midbrain

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17
Q

CNS 5, 6 , 7 ,8 controlled by?

A

Pons

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18
Q

CNS 9, 10, 11, 12 controlled by?

A

Medulla

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19
Q

Extra ocular movements what CNS?

A

3, 4, 6

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20
Q

Origin of spinal nerves

A

31

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21
Q

Origin of SNS

A

Thoracic and Lumbar

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22
Q

Origin of PNS

A

Sacral and cranial

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23
Q

If the patient has spinal cord injury what autonomic nervous system will be disrupted?

A

SNS

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24
Q

C3 and 4 phrenic nerve responsible for?

A

Diaphgram

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25
Q

Lower C5 to T1 responsible for?

A

Upper extremities

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26
Q

C2-S4 responsible for?

A

Pelvis

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27
Q

Largest nerve

A

Sciatic

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28
Q

Most numerous type of brain cell

A

Neuroglia

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29
Q

Astrocytoma in pedia

A

Cerebellum

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30
Q

Astrocytoma in Adult

A

Cerebrum

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31
Q

Supports the ventricles of the brain

A

Epondymal cells

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32
Q

Produce myelin sheath in CNS

A

Oligodendoglial cells

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33
Q

Produce myelin sheath in PNS

A

Schwann cells

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34
Q

macrophages of the nervous system

A

Microglia

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35
Q

Painful spasm of the facial muscle
and also called?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia “Tic doloreux”

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36
Q

pain that caused by injury and inflammation

A

Nociceptive

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37
Q

Nerve damage

A

Neuropathic pain

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38
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia increase pain with an increased age, what age?

A

Women, 20-30 y.o
Men 50 y.o and above

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39
Q

Mgt for Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Anti seizure/Anti epileptic
CNS depressants

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40
Q

Prevent precipitating factors of Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Oral care: Water based mouth wash
Nutrition: Soft and complete diet
Anxiety

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41
Q

Inflammation of facial nerve
Idiopathic
Unilateral facial PARALYSIS

A

Bell’s palsy (CN: 7)

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42
Q

Clinical manifestations of Bells Palsy

A

Inability to close eyes
Asymmetrical face
Drooling of saliva

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43
Q

MGT for bells palsy

A

Facial nerve exercise
TENS
Prevent dryness of eyes: Eye tape
Corticosteroids
Vitamin B. Complex

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44
Q

Abnormal and excessive impulse transmission in the brain

A

Seizure

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45
Q

Classifications of Seizure

A

Generalized
Partial
Unclassified

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46
Q

Clinical manifestation:
Motor symp

A

Tonic to rigid phase

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47
Q

Clonic

A

Jerky movement to convulsion

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48
Q

trance

A

Blank staring petit

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49
Q

Uncontrolled seizure lasting more than 5 mins and 30 mins in EEG

A

Status epilepticus

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50
Q

Stop the seizure medications?

A

Diazepam or clonazeoam

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51
Q

Diagnostic test for seizure confirmatory

A

EEG

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52
Q

Diagnostic test that identify the cause of the seizure

A

CT scan
MRI
Lumbar puncturen

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53
Q

Contraindications of lumbar puncture

A

High ICP px

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54
Q

MGT for seizure if with aura

A

Secure safety

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55
Q

Mgt for seizure without aura

A

Protect head, secure to floor

SIDE LYING POSITION

Do not restraint and put anything in mouth

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56
Q

Hallmark mgt for Seizure

A

Drug therapy: Anti seizure, epileptic, convulsant

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57
Q

CNS depressants must be taken when?

A

Bedtime

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58
Q

Most sedative in children

A

Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)

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59
Q

Phenytoin

A

Least sedating in adults causes gingival hyperplasia

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60
Q

Palaysis of the lower extremities at?

A

T6

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61
Q

Higher than T6 injury causes?

A

Spinal Shock

62
Q

Priority for spinal shock

A

Airway

63
Q

Peculiar type of shock that has no sign of SNS

A

Neurogenic shock in spinal shock

64
Q

Mgt for spinal shock

A

Immobilize
Protect the neck
Massive doses of steroids
Anticholinergic
Laminectomy

65
Q

Spinal shock leads to what complication in 6 months after surviving

A

Autonomic dysreflexia

66
Q

Exaggerated autonomic response due to a stimulus

A

Autonomic Dysreflexia

67
Q

Most prominent part of the body for autonomic dysref?

A

Bowel and bladder distention

68
Q

MGT for Autonomic Dysreflexia

A

Bowel and Bladder training
Empty the bladder
High fowler
Anti HPN drugs
Atropine sulfate

69
Q

It is spinal cord injury caused by spine hyperextension of C spine

A

Central cord syndrome

70
Q

Loss of pain and temperature sensations but proprioception preserved

A

Anterior Cord Syndrome

71
Q

Penetrating injury that causes loss of pain, temp and light on the opposite side

A

Brown-sequard syndrome

72
Q

Normal ICP

A

10-20 mmHg

73
Q

CPP formula

A

CPP = MAP-ICP

74
Q

Normal CPP

A

70-100 mmHg

75
Q

MAP formula

A

Systolic x 2 (DP) / 3

76
Q

Normal MAP

A

60-100 mmHg

77
Q

High ICP means?

And what nursing dx?

A

Low CPP

Ineffective cerebral tissue pref

78
Q

Manifestations of Increase ICP
(early signs)

A

Headache
Seizure
Changes in VS (Cushings triad)
Vomiting

79
Q

Roles of ICP nurses
Identify px at risk like?

A

Brain tumor, Cerebral edema
Hydrocephalus that has high CSF

80
Q

Late signs of increase ICP

A

Displacement of CSF
Low o2 in brain
Brain herniation

81
Q

Normal placement of CSf

A

75 ml in brain and 75 in spinal

82
Q

In late sign of Inc ICP where is CSF?

A

50 ml in brain and 100 ml in sponal

83
Q

Altered LOC SPERM assesment

A

Sensorium
Pupillary response
Extra occular movement
Respirations
Motor Functions

84
Q

Brain herniation causes?

A

Low RR
Low HR
Hyperthermia

85
Q

Cushings triad

A

High BP
Low HR and RR

86
Q

Increase ICP mgt

A

Low fowlers
O2 Admin
Transient Hypertension
Reduce brain metab
Osmotic diuretic (Mannitol)
Steroid
Manage the casue

87
Q

Low blood flow in the brain that causes stroke

A

Ischemic stroke

88
Q

developed clot in the cerebral vessels

A

Thrombotic

89
Q

Developed outside the cerebral vessel

A

Embolic

90
Q

If clot if dislodged in the left side of the heart it causes?

A

A. Fib/ Endocarditis

91
Q

stroke that is caused by spontaneous rupture of cerebral vessels

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

92
Q

Risk factors of Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Uncontrolled HPN
Cerebral aneurysm
Atrioventricular Malformations

93
Q

Stroke that neurologic symps, last within 24 hrs only

A

TIA

94
Q

If the TIA of the px exceeds 24 hours?

A

RIND - Reversible ischemic neurologic disease

95
Q

When swelling and bleeding subside in ischemic stroke it leads to

A

Focal symptoms referred to particular part of the brainD

96
Q

Dysarthria caused by stroke in?

A

CN 7

97
Q

BEFAST

A

Balance loss
Eyesight changes
Face drooping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time to call 911

98
Q

Dx test for stroke

A

CT scan
MRI

99
Q

MGT for Ischemic stroke

A

Manage ICP (ischemia)
Thrombolytic therapy
Anticoagulant (ischemia)
Antiplatelet (ischemia)
Manage RFs
Rehab therapy (ischemia)

100
Q

MGT for Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Manage ICP
Supportive env
Surgery- Craniotomy
Manage RF- HPN
Rehab therapy

101
Q

Skull fracture in TBI

A

Cranial fracture
Basillar skull fracture

102
Q

If patient has leakage of CSF in ear and nose collect and test for glucose and look for?

A

Halo sign in bedC

103
Q

Causes of Close head injuries

A

Concussion
Contusion
Side to side impact
Coup

104
Q

Close head injury that has neurologic S/sx (-) MRi

A

Concussion

105
Q

hematoma in brain tissue

A

Contusion

106
Q

Traumatic brain injury clinical manifestations

A

Racoon eyes
Battle sign

107
Q

Subdural bleeding subacute

A

2-3 days up to 2 weeks

Chronic more than 2 weeks

108
Q

MGT for TBI

A

Manage high ICP
Supportive env
Craniotomy to stop bleeding
Rehab

109
Q

Autoimmune disorders

A

Myesthenia Gravis
Multiple sclerosis
GBS

110
Q

Degenerative Dx “PAHA”

A

Parkinsons
Alzheimer
Huntingtons
Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

111
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Neuromuscular junction

112
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

CNS

113
Q

GBS

A

PNS

114
Q

Destruction of Ach receptos

A

MG

115
Q

Demyelination of the CNS

A

MS

116
Q

Demyelination of the PNS

A

GBS

116
Q

Etiologies are idiopathic

A

MS and GBS

117
Q

Etiology is from thymoma

A

MG

118
Q

Skeletal and muscle weakness and first manifestation of MG?

A

PTOSIS

119
Q

First nerve affected is optic nerve for MS and causes?

A

blurred vision

120
Q

Ascending paralysis

A

GBS

121
Q

GBS is caused by what risk factors

A

Cytomegalovirus
Epstein Barr Cirus
Campylobacter pylori

122
Q

Diagnostic test for MG

A

Tensilon test
CT scan
EMG
ICE test

123
Q

also called an edrophonium test, is a pharmacological test used for the diagnosis of certain neural diseases, especially myasthenia gravis. It is also used to distinguish a myasthenic crisis from a cholinergic crisis in individuals undergoing treatment for myasthenia gravis.

A

Tensilon test

124
Q

Diagnostic test for both MS and GBS

A

CSF anaklysis
MRI

125
Q

Schwann cells in GBS are?

A

Not destroyed

126
Q

Incurable autoimmune nervous disease

A

MS

127
Q

charcot’s neurologic triad

A

the combination of nystagmus, intention tremor, and scanning or staccato speech

128
Q

Anticholinesterase drugs (-igmine) is for?

A

Myesthenia gravis

129
Q

Degeneration of substantia nigra
CAUSE LOW DOPAMINE

A

Parkinsons Dx

130
Q

Degeneration of cells of the cerebral cortex

A

Alzheimer dx

131
Q

Degeneration of cells in the cerebral cortex and BASAL GANGLIA

A

Huntington’s dx

132
Q

Degeneration of all motor neurons and Overexcitation of neurotransmitter GLUTAMATE

A

ALS

133
Q

All degenerative dx are idiopathic except?

A

Huntingtons - Hereditary

134
Q

Risk factors are family onset except?

A

Huntington’s - Autosomal Dominant

135
Q

Health teaching for huntington’s

A

Genetic counseling

136
Q

Cardinal signs of Parkinsons
“TRB”

A

Tremor (pill rolling)
Rigidity
Bradykinesia

137
Q

Cardinal sign of Alzheimer Dx

MEC

A

Memory loss - dementia
Emotional disturbances
Cognitive dysfunction

138
Q

Cardinal sign of Huntington

DECC

A

Dementia
Emotional disturbances
Chorea
Cognitive dys

139
Q

Cardinal sign of ALS

A

Respiratory fx compromised
Px die within 5 yrs time

140
Q

Diagnostic test for Alzheimer dx

A

CT scan
Thyroid function test
Serum Electrolytes

141
Q

Dx test for Huntingtons

A

By family hx
Genetic testing

142
Q

Dx test for ALS

MEN

A

Muscle biopsy
EMG
NCT

143
Q

Low fowlers position in increase ICP is because of?

A

balance cerebral hemodynamics

144
Q

Priority nursing dx with stroke

A

Impaired physical mobility

145
Q

Initial manifestation of Inc ICP in accident

A

Confusion

146
Q

Mannitol acts in?

A

Kidney

147
Q

Intervention for Hemiplagia

A

Active ROM

148
Q

Inc ICP after craniotomy

A

Patient cannot be aroused 4 hrs after surgery

149
Q

Highest prio in tonic clonic seizure medication health teaching for NEWLY diagnosed

A

Deficient knowledge

nursing practice 3 & 4 (4 decks)

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