Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
What are the CXR findings in meconium aspiration syndrome?
Patchy infiltrates
Coarse streaking of both lungs
Give two risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Pre-term infants
Diabetic mothers (high BM impars surfactant production)
Give one risk factor for transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN)
Delivery by Caesarean section
What are the CXR findings in transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN)??
Hyperinflation and fluid in the horizontal fissure
What is the cause of bronchiolitis?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
At what age does the peak incidence of bronchiolitis occur?
3-6 months
What is the presentation of bronchiolitis?
Corzyal symptoms with low grade fever
Followed by increased SOB and WIB, cough, feeding difficulties
What is the cause of croup?
Parainfluenza virus
At what age does the peak incidence of croup occur?
6 months to 6 years
What is the presentation of croup?
Symptoms are worse at night
Inspiratory stridor, barking cough, fever, coryzal symptoms
What is the management of croup?
Oral Dexamethasone (0.15mg/kg) to all children regardless of severity (NICE CKS)
Consider oxygen and nebulised adrenaline
Admit if <6 months, known airway structural abnormality or moderate/severe e.g. stridor at rest
What is the cause of acute epiglottitis?
Haemophilus influenza type B (HIB)
What is the presentation of acute epiglottitis?
Very acute onset over hours
High fever
Painful throat
Drooling of saliva
Stridor
No cough or coryza
What is the cause of whooping cough?
Bordetella pertussis
What are the features of whooping cough?
Coryza followed by coughing bouts, worse at night, may end with vomiting
Inspiratory whoop
When can pregnant women receive the whooping cough vaccine?
16 to 32 weeks
True or False:
Steroid therapy should be given to all children with an asthma exacerbation?
True
What is the management of asthmatic less than 5 years with no improvement with LTRA?
Stop LTRA and refer to a specialist
What is the management of asthmatic older than 5 years with no improvement with LTRA?
Stop LTRA and start LABA
What is the management of whopping cough?
Macrolides (e.g. Azithromycin) if onset of symptoms in the preceeding 21 days
What are the key differences between mild and moderate croup?
Mild = no stridor at rest, no or mild recession
Moderate = stridor at rest, recessions at rest
