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Pharmacology > Respiratory Disorder > Flashcards

Respiratory Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

RS Disorder

A

Cough
Asthma
COPD

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2
Q

Cough activated by

A

Mechanical stimuli - Foreign body, dust, talking
Chemical stimuli - Smoke, perfume
Thermal stimuli - Cold air, hot air, cold water

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3
Q

Cough Categories

A

Acute 3 week
Subacute 3-8 week
Chronic 8 week

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4
Q

COPD symptom

A

Same as asthma

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5
Q

COPD caused by

A

chronic bronchitis
Emphesema
Smoking

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6
Q

COPD Feature

A

Irreversible - Present of fibrosis
Progressive
Abnormal inflammatory response

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7
Q

Asthma Characteristic

A

Recurrent attack of airway obstructive
Chronic inflammatory
Airway hyper-reactivity

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8
Q

Asthma Phase

A

Early Phase: Bronchospasm

Late Phase: Inflammation

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9
Q

Asthma Clinical Indication

A 
Recurrent attack
Coughing
Short of breath(SOB) & Dyspnea
Chess tighness
Wheezing
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10
Q

Asthma Type

A

Extrinsic-Allergic
Intrinsic- Infection, Stress
Cold Air Exercise
Drug-induced(latrogenic) Aspirin

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11
Q

Asthma Pathological feature

A

Contraction of airway sm
Mucosal thickening
Plug of mucus

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12
Q

Asthma Treatment

A 
Sympathomimetic agents
Methylxantine drug
Antimuscuranic agent
Corticosteroids
Cromolyn & Nedocromil
Leukotriene pathway inhibitor
Other
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13
Q

Asthma Therphy

A

Dilate bronchi

Reduce inflamation & mucus

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14
Q

Other Asthma Therphy using

A

Anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies
Calcium Channel blocker
Nitric Oxide Donor

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15
Q

First Line Bronchodilator

A

B2-sympathomimetic (Adrenoceptor
stimulant) agent
Methylxantine Group
Anticholinergic(Muscarinic) Agent

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16
Q

Why not B1

A

may induce hypertension,

tachycardia, mi

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17
Q

B2-sympathomimetic class

A

Short acting agent(PIO)

Long acting agent(Inhalation)

18
Q

Albuterol(Salbutamol), Terbutaline

A

B2-sympathomimetic
T1/2: 2-3 hour
Short acting agent(PIO)
Relieve bronchi

19
Q

Salmeterol, Formoterol

A

B2-sympathomimetic
Long acting agent(Inhalation)
T1/2: 12 hour
Maintain dilation

20
Q

B2-sympathomimetic ADR

A

Tachycardia- In large dose,B1 receptor

Skeletal Muscle tremor-B2 receptor, Large dose

21
Q

Theophylline

A 
Methylxantine Group, Tea
On sm: bronchodilation
On ske.m: contraction of diaphragm
Narrow therapeutic index- Careful patient
already on oral theophylline
22
Q

Precaution when using Theophylline

A

Never give rapidly Avoid heart complication

Never given IV On tp treatment, measure tp blood level

23
Q

Caffeine & Theobromine

A

Methylxantine Group

Coffee & Cocoa

24
Q

General effect of Methylxantine Group

A

On sm: bronchodilation
On ske.m: improve contractility
GIT: secretion of gastric acid &
digestive enzyme

25
Q

Atropine

A 
Anticholinergic=bronchodilator
Non selective
Many side effect 
Block all; body, gland, heart, sm
Not used anymore
26
Q

Ipratropium Bromide

A

Anticholinergic=bronchodilator
Poorly absorb=Inhalation
Act directly Dilate & Selective
Low con in circulation, Not much systemic adr, Not cross BBB, no cns fx
Effect less than B2 agonist, Longer action than B2 agonist
Effective in COPD

27
Q

Reduce inflamation & mucus

A

Antiinflamatory(long term controller)

28
Q

Antiinflamatory classes

A 
Corticosteroid
Cromolyn or Nedocromil
Leukotriene Antagonist (oraly)
29
Q

Corticosteroid; Derived from Glucocorticoid

A

Prednisone
Cortisone
Hydrocortisone
Avoided in chronic, mode adr

30
Q

Prednisone(Prodrug)

A

Oral
»Prednisolone
Severe(systemic)
Corticosteroid

31
Q

Beclomethasone, Fluticasone

A

Inhale
Lipid soluble
Local action
Corticosteroid

32
Q

Corticosteroid Systemic(PO) adr

A

Adrenal suppresion-Taper dose gradually Give time to function back
Osteoporosis
Cataract
Avoid by using inhale

33
Q

Corticosteroid inhale adr

A

Orapharyngeal / Oral Candidiasis
Hoarseness
Avoid by washing mouth

34
Q

Cromolyn or Nedocromil characteristic

A

Mast cell stabilizer
Less effective than
steroid/glucocorticoid
Inhalation, poorly absorbed

35
Q

Mast cell stabilizer used in

A

Prophylaxis
Reduce symptom
Rhinoconjunctivitis

36
Q

Cromolyn or Nedocromil MOA

A

Mast cell - Inhibit early response to antigen
Eosinophil - Inhibit inflamatory response to allergen
Airway nerve - Inhibit cough

37
Q

Leukotriene(we use anti)

A

derive from lipooxygenase
Bronchoconstrictor & chemotactic agent
Stop LT stop constriction

38
Q

Zileuton

A

anti- Leukotriene
Block synthesis of LT
5-lipooxygenase Inhibitor

39
Q

Zafirlukast, Montelukast

A

anti- Leukotriene
Inhibit action of leukotrine D4
Inhibit binding of LTD4 to receptor

40
Q

Asthma classification

A

Mild - 1x in a week
Moderate - 2-3x
Severe - Daily

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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