Blood Disorder Flashcards
Main Blood Disorder Drug
Anti Anemia Anti-Coagulant Anti-Platelet Anti-Fibrinolytic Anti-Hyperdemic
Anemia
Low con of HB in blood, Low o2 in blood
-2SD (Male14-16 gram %, Female 13-15 gram %)
Anemia characterized by
Pallor- Pale skin & mucous membrane
Fatigue - Tiredness
Shortness of Breath -Dyspenea
Type of Anemia
Microcytic(Fe)
Macrocytic(B12,Folic acid) (Megaloplastic)
Normocytic
Mixed
Normocytic Anemia
BM failure
Endocrine failure
Chronic disease
Clinical Indication Fe deficiency
Dietery deficiency Chronic blood loss Increased demand Inadequate absorption Early tt of pernicous anemia
Pernicous anemia
Atrophy of gastric mucosa(Produce intrinsic factor- Absorb B12)
B12 deficiency Megaloplastic Anemia
Anemia TT concept
Correct cause
Iron replacement theraphy
Anemia Oral Preparation
Ferrous Fumarate(Syrup)
Ferrous Gluconate
Ferrous Sulphate
Ferrous Succinate(Elixir)
Oral Anemia start small dose & increase gradually
Avoid GIT upset
Better with food
Oral Anemia Failure
Bad compliance
Continuous blood loss
Wrong diagnosis
Oral Anemia Adr
GI upset, might blacken the faces
Parenteral anemia Indication
Need sure & definate response
Non compliance
Intolerable GIT symptom
Can’t be absorbed through GIT
Parenteral anemia IM
Iron Dextran Inferon 50mg/ml
Deep & Painful
May stain skin Dark Brown (2 years)
Headache, nausea, metallic taste (2 hours)
Parenteral anemia IV
Total dose infusion
Iron Sorbitol Jactofer 50mg/ml
Iron Dextran Inferon 50mg/ml
Acute Iron Toxicity
Iron Chelation
At home, give Raw Egg & milk
Avoid citreous fruit juice
Deferoxamine(desferal)
Chronic Iron Toxicity(Haemochromatosis)
in Chronic Iron Theraphy Repeated blood transfusion Haemolytic Anemia tt Venesection in non-anemic Chelation in anemic
b12 importance in
Lipid metabolism & neuronal function(Subacute combined degeneration of the cord)
DNA synthesis, Production of RBC(Megaloblastic Anemia)
Cause b12 deficiency
Mostly Pernicous Anemia
Less Dietry
Cyanococabolamine(IM,IV)
tt b12 defi
Hydroxycabolamine (IM,IV)
tt b12 defi
TT of “Cyanide Poisoning”
Failure TT b12
Wrong diagnosis
early tt of b12 need
Fe
Folic Acid
K+
Folic Acid clinical use
Tt of Megaloplastic Anemia
Tt & Prevention of Methotrexate Toxicity
Prophylaxis of individual developing folate deficiency
individual developing folate deficiency
Pregnant women
Premature Infants
Chronic Heamolytic Anemia
Prevention of Spina Bifina
Warfarin & Dicumarol
Oral anticoagulant Invivo(vit k competitive(1972)) cross placenta antidote IV Vit K, Phytomenadione slow onset
Heparin, Low Molecular Weight Heparin(LMWH)
Stimulate + Antithrombin III
Invivo & invitro
Don’t cross placenta
Antidote Protamine Sulphate SO4
Clinical use of Anticoagulant
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) preooperatively
Extension of DVT or recurrent of pulmonary embolism
Thrombosis or embolism in atrial fibrilation
Clotting during heamodylisis or bypass surgery
Thrombosis on prostetic valve
Unstable angina
Contraindication Anticoagulant
Bleeding tendency Ulcerative lession of GIT Suspected intercranial haemorrage Severe Hypertension Advance hepatic and renal disease Pregnancy "oral & non-parenteral" Hypersensitivity
Antiplatelet class
Inhibit ADP receptor (Thienopyrimidine)
COX inhibitor(inhibit TXA2 production)
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitor - platelet aggregation
Inhibit ADP receptor (Thienopyrimidine)
Ticlopidine
Clopidogrel
Prasugrel
COX inhibitor(inhibit TXA2 production)
Aspirin
Sulfinpyrazone
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
Dipyridamole
Epoprostenol(PGI2)
Prostaglandin
GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitor - platelet aggregation
Abciximab
Eptifibatide
Tirofiban
Clinical uses anti-platelet
Acute Myocardiac Infraction After coronary artery bypass grafting Unstable angina Coronary stenting Thrombotic stroke- Prevent recurrent AF if Anticoagulant are contraindicated Arterial thrombosis - PACV
ANtihyperdemic drug
Targeting exogeneous Cholesterol uptake inhibitor(Ezetemibe) Bile acid binding resin(Colestipol & Cholestyramine) Targeting endogeneous Statin, Fibrates, Nicotinic Acid
